The Framework of Securities Regulation - Securities Transactions

16 important questions on The Framework of Securities Regulation - Securities Transactions

Where does the trading process begin in an exchange?

A customer instructing her representative, a broker, to purchase or sell a security either at the best available market price (market order) or at a stated price (limit order). 

What is an alternative function of the intermediary?

To maintain a limit order book in which unfilled orders are recorded and later filled by the specialist as market conditions permit.

What if the investor wants a security that the broker doesn't own (over the counter)?

The broker can purchase the security from a 'market maker', a dealer who maintains an inventory in the traded security.
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What is the function of market makers?

Market makers either maintain an inventory in a particular security or maintain an order book and provide quotes that reflect investor interest in the security.

How do market makers attract business?

BY issuing competitive quotations.

What are the multiple social benefits provided by exchanges? (3)

1. Its transparency provides a price discovery mechanism ans liquidity so that investors, speculators, and hedgers can quickly create and liquidate positions at curent market prices.
2. Clearing and settlement functions.
3. Fulfilling the demand for market data.

What provided the political momentum for congressional action?

The great depression and the market collapse in october 1929

What is the remedy the Securities Act embraces for this malady?

Disclosure

What kind of information must be disclosed?

Extensive financial information, analysis and review of the issuer's business, property and management, detaild description of the rights, privileges and preferences of the offered security as well ass the existing capital structure of the firm.

What are examples of risk factors?

There is no pre-existingmarket for the security, the issuer has recntly experienced substantial losses.

What is the objective of the registration process?

The production of a prospectus that includes most of the information disclosed in the registration statement.

What are 3 exempts from the registration requirements?

securities issued by governmental bodies, banks and insurance companies

What is one of the great ironies of securities regulation?

Even though Congress when it enacted the '34 Act had a dim view of the overall sophistication of market participants, today many of the Commission's regulatory initiatives under the '34 Act are premised on the assumption that trading markets are dominated by sophisticated, resourceful investors.

Tell something about the contrast in style between the two acts.

The securities act's exclusive orientation was disclosure. On the other hand, the Exchange Act as originally proposed evisioned strong federal control of the trading markets as well as important structural changes for the securities industry and its participants.

Which three categories of companies are subject to the '34 Act?

Companies that have a class of securities listed on a national securities exchange, companies that have assets in excess of $10 million dollar and that have a class of equity securities held by at least 2000 record holders and companies that have filed a '33 Act registration statement that has become effective.

How do you call companies that have filed a '33 Act registration statement?

Reporting companies.

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