Processes of transport and sedimentary structures - The Behaviour of Fluids and Particles in Fluids

5 important questions on Processes of transport and sedimentary structures - The Behaviour of Fluids and Particles in Fluids

Particles can be classified as bedload or suspended load. Which type of transportation of particles classify the particles as bedload?

Particles being carried by rolling and saltation

Flow velocities are an important part of particle flow (Re nr). What happens to the transportation type and capacity at low current and high current velocities?


At low current velocities in water only fine particles (fine silt and
clay) and low density particles are kept in suspension
while sand-size particles move by rolling and some
saltation. At higher flow rates all silt and some sand
may be kept in suspension with granules and fine
pebbles saltating and coarser material rolling.

Frictional drag is the source of one of the transportation methods. Which one?


Rolling grains are moved as a result of frictional
drag between the flow and the clasts.
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Why do particles saltate?

Due to the lift force, which can be explained by Bernoulli's effect

Why can ice/debris flows move such large boulders where winds cannot? How does this relate to the Stokes Law?


The forces acting on a grain are a function of the viscosity and density of the fluid medium as well as the mass of the particle (implication of Stokes Law).

Thus, the density contrast between particle and fluid are very important. And higher viscosity fluids exert greater drag and lift forces for a given flow velocity.

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