Introduction and history of sexology
15 important questions on Introduction and history of sexology
Themes in the first 30 years of the 20th century
- Clinical methodology based on case studies
- Need for scientific research
- Belief in a universal sexual instinct
- Divergences are the result of a disease, and should be treated by a physician
Leading role for the US. Who was Alfred Kinsey?
- "Course" on marriage (for students who were married or contemplating marriage"
- Interviews about sexual behavior (11.000)
- Books: Sexual behavior in the human male & Sexual behavior in the human female
What did John Money study?
Book: "Man and Woman, Boy and Girl" (1972)
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What went wrong in a nature/nurture study by John Money?
This boy was then reconstructed as a girl for several years was raised as a girl. Was intended to provide ultimate proof that nurture is the essential factor in your gender identity.
Documentaire “Bruce became Brenda and became David” But the reconstruction failed. After 14 years of unhappiness as a girl, Brenda decided to be man again.
When this side of the story came out, researches felt betrayed by John Money who was respected. His other work is still respected.
Who were the first to conduct psychophysiological laboratory research?
What is the " Human sexual response cycle" and by who is it developed?
What is the therapy "Sensate focus" about?
In 3 steps:
- non-genital touching
- touching with genitals
- coitus position and movement
Two weeks in the Institute, daily sessions. Always in couples, sometimes with surrogate partners for the men.
What did Helen Singer Kaplan do?
What changed in the DSM-II in 1974?
• 58% in favour of removal
• 38% against removal
• 4% abstentions
Susan Brownmiller (1975) & Michel Foucault (1976)
Susan Brownmiller; "Against our will, men woman and rape" - Rape victims free safe houses
Michel Foucault: The will to knowledge
Sexual scripting Theory 1973
• Sexual behaviour is social role behaviour, generated by culturally determined scripts
• A script is a scenario that defines a situation as sexual, designates the actors and specifies their roles
A script distinguishes 2 dimensions
- An interpersonal dimension, through which people interact sexually
- An intrapsychic dimension, through which a person has a psychological interpretation of sexuality, a schema, and strives for specific sexual behaviour (lovemap)
What contains the Sexual Strategy Theory?
The sexual Strategy Theory can be divided in short en long term strategies.
Adaptive psychological mechanisms relevant to sexuality are particular and numerous.
What did John Bancroft developed?
3 roles of the mass media
- Cultivation: People begin to think what they see on television and other media represents the mainstream of what happens in our culture.
- Agenda setting: Reporters select what they report /ignore and what they emphasize.
- Social learning: People learn about sex and gender in part by imitation and identification.
2 developments in sexology, 1 advice
- Increasing influence of the (bio)medical approach to sexuality (1998-present): Medicalisation of treatment of sexual dysfunctions
- Increasing focus on psychophysiological processes and neurophysiology
Look for a balance in the bio-psycho-social approach
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