Summary: Simulation

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• Lecture 1 Introduction basic principles

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• How is a change in state called in simulation?

  An event. (Discrete event often)

• How can the uncertainty be represented in the timing of events?

  By random number generators.

• What are possible applications of simulation studies?

  - Warehouses--> lay-out
  - Transport systems --> number of vehicles  
  - Production facilities --> Machine lay-out
  - Sensitivity analysis

• What are possible alternatives for simulation?

  - Experimenting in reality
  - Analytical models/ mathematical models
  - Physical models

• What are the (dis)advantages of experimenting in reality?

  - More realistic
  - Expensive
  - Not repeatable
  - Impossible
  - Dangerous
  -Takes too much time

• What are the (dis)advantages of analytical models?

  - Faster
  - Optimization easier and better 
  - Reality is complex--> dynamic effects
  - useful for validation
  - Not always possible to solve
  - If possible, always prefer this over simulation

• In what three dimensions are simulation models classified? What are its characteristics?

  - Static vs. Dynamic models.
  In a static model the system is represented at a single point in time. Dynamic models show the change of the system over time.
  - Deterministic vs. Stochastic Simulation Models.
  In a deterministic model, no randomness occurs. In a stochastic model, randomness/uncertainty does occur.
  - Continuous vs. Discrete models.
  In discrete systems the state only changes at separated moments in time whereas in continuous systems, the state changes are 'continuous'.

• What are a number of advantages of using simulation?

  - Situations are often to complex to analyse analytically
  - Allows for estimation on non-existing systems
  - Easy comparison between systems
  - Experimental conditions can easily be monitored
  - Systems with a long time-frame can be monitored

• What are the possible drawbacks of simulation?

  - Each run is only an estimator of a models true characteristics. 
  - Expensive/ time consuming to develop
  - Often greater confidence is placed in simulation than is justified

• Which types of simulation exist next to Discrete Event Simulation?

  - Agent Based Simulation
  -Continuous Simulation
    -System Dynamics
  - Combined Discrete-Continuous Simulation
  - Monte Carlo Simulation