Influence of chronic activity

8 important questions on Influence of chronic activity

An elite marathon runner has >80% type 1 muscle fiber. What can you say about nature or training?

Twin studies showed that the primary amount of type 1 fibers is genetic, which also determines VO2max.

How does a motorneuron determine the properties of the innervated muscle fiber?

Via its firing activity pattern. This can also be done independently from a motorneuron by electrical stimulation.

How could be electrically stimulate a slow muscle fiber to become a fast muscle fiber?

Short duration high frequency stimulation.
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What are the major changes in muscle fibers seen after chronic low frequency stimulation?

  • increase in vascularization
  • increase in mitochondrial density
  • decrease in sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • decrease in Ca2+ ATPase

Which changes in muscle fiber property are first detected after chronic low frequency stimulation?

increased vascularisation and mitochondrial density.

What happens to the force-frequency relationship of a fast to slow muscle fiber?

It shifts to the left and will result in power peak force reduction.

Can endurance training elicit the same adaptive responses in muscle as electrical stimulation of animals?

Yes, though it takes M A N Y years to accomplish AND a period of no training can rapidly undo years of training... luckily just in the slow fiber type group = happy me

What molecular mechanisms are involved in the increased resistance against fatigue found in endurance athletes?

  • increased vascularization (VEGF)
  • increased mitochondrial density (HIF-1, VEGF and OMG... no just kidding HSPs!, ADP:ATP ratio)

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