Summary: Small Places, Large Issues | 9780745335933
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1 Week 1
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1.1 Anthropology
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What is the goal of Anthropology
Anthropology tries to account for
1. the social and culturalvariation in the world, andconceptualizing
2. understanding similarities between social systems and human relationships -
To what does the term culture refer?
Culture is learned, shared human behavior and ideas, which can and do change with time. -
1.1.2 What do anthropologists do?
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What do anthropologists do? Name 3 points
1. Trying to understand both connections within societies and between societies
2. Accounting for different aspects of human existence and investigating these interrelationships
taking as their point of departure a detailed study of local life in a particular society3. Asking large questions, while at the same time drawing most insights from small places -
1.1.5 The universal and the particular
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What is the central problem of anthropology?
The diversity of human social life -
Anthropology tries to strike a balance between ............... and ............
similarities and differences -
1.1.6 The problem of Ethnocentrism
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What do we do to understand people's lives
try to grasp the totality of their experiential world; and in order to succeed at this project, it is adequate to look at selected, isolated variables -
1.2.1 Periods in the history of Anthropology
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Proto-anthropology was in the 18th century. What were the main points at that time?
▪ Universalism (communality) vs relativism (unique)
▪Ethnocentrism (own culture) vs cultural relativism (understand culture in own words)
▪ Humanity vs the animal kingdom -
Victorian anthropology was during the 19th century. At this time they believed in social evolution. What is social evolution?
▪ The idea that humansocieties developed in a particular direction
▪ The notion that Europeansocieties were theend-product of development which began withsavagery -
Why was this idea typical of the victorian age?
it is dominated by an optimistic belief intechnological progress and, simultaneously, Europeancolonialism , (which was frequently justified with reference to whatKipling famously wrote of as ‘the white man’s burden’; the alleged duty of the European to ‘civilize the savages’) -
What was Maine his insight on victorian anthropology in his book Ancient law (1861)?
Maine distinguished between status and contract
societies, a divide which corresponds roughly to later dichotomies between traditional and modern societies
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