Summary: Social Psychology | 9780393932584 | Thomas Gilovich, et al

Read the summary and the most important questions on Social psychology | 9780393932584 | Thomas Gilovich, Dacher Keltner, Richard E. Nisbett.

• 1 An Invitation to Social Psychology

• 1.1 Characterizing Social Psychology

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• Proximal influences of behavior

  factors that exist in the here and now or that immediatly precede what the individual does, in the immediate situation. this includes  the situation itself, how the individual percieves the situation and the processes of percieving and reacting to situations

• Distal influences of behavior

  factors that are more removed in time from a given context or episode, factors that are not immediatly present

• 1.2 The Power of the Situation

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• Kurt Lewin and situation/personality

  the behavior of people, like the behavior of objects, is always a function of the field of forces in which they find themselves. the persons own attributes are also important determinants of behavior, but these attributes always interact with the situation to produce the resulting behavior.

• the main situational influences on our behavior are...

  the actions of other people, we often misjudge or fail to see these influences

• 1.4 Automatic versus Controlled Processing

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• Types of unconscious processing

  1. skill acquisition
  2. production of beliefs and behaviors without our awareness of the cognitive processes that have generated them

• production of beliefs and behaviors without our awareness of the cognitive processes that have generated them

  for many cognitive processes, it seems, we cannot accurately describe what is going on in our head.

• 1.6 Culture and Human Behavior: How We Are Different

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• Independent (individualistic) cultures

  Cultures in which people tend to think of themselves as distict social entities, tied to each other by voluntary bonds of affection and organizational memberships but essentially separate from other people and having attributes that exist in the absence of any connection to others

  • Think of self as distinct social entity
  • Ties to others are voluntary
  • View personal attributes as constant

• Interdependent (collectivistic) cultures

  Cultures in which people tend to define themselves as part of a collective, inextricably tied to others in their group and having relatively little individual freedom or personal control over their lives but not necessarily wanting or needing these things

  • Think of self as part of a collective
  • Interconnected to others, with little emphasis on individual freedom or choices

• 3 The Social Self

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• 3.2 Self-Knowledge

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• Unrealistic (comparative) optimism

  in aantekeningen...

• 4 Understanding Others

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• 4.4 Errors and Biases in Attribution

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• Perceptual salience and attribution

  The fundamental attribution error is made in part because people are more salient than situations.