Vragen van de weekopdrachten
20 important questions on Vragen van de weekopdrachten
Articulatory Phonology claims that (1 answer):
A. Linguistic units are compatible with the output system (vocal tract).
B. Their identity is maintained in production and perceived as such by the listener.
C. Both A and B.
D. Neither A nor B.
C. Both A and B: linguistic units are compatible with the output system (vocal tract) and their identity is maintained in production and perceived as such by the listener.
The fuzzy logic model of perception described by Massaro & Chen is a form of (1 answer):
A. Acoustic reference theory.
B. Articulatory reference theory.
C. Both A and B.
D. Neither A nor B.
A. Acoustic reference theory.
The gestural scores 'pad' and 'pan' (p.29) only differ in velic aperture while 'pan' and 'span' only differ in phasing.
A. True
B. False
B. False
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Which of the following assumptions underlie(s) the fuzzy logic model of speech perception (multiple choise)? Which are the strongest?
A. Speech gestures cannot be more invariant than their acoustic consequences.
B. Speech perception is categorizing continuous information.
C. Perception is strictly a feedforward process.
D. Speech perception is multimodal.
All are correct, but A and D are the strongest:
A. Speech gestures cannot be more invariant than their acoustic consequences.
D. Speech perception is multimodal.
Which of the following statements is true (1 answer)?
A. Respiratory kinematics are highly idiosyncratic.
B. Control stability of increases linearly with age.
C. Relative contributions of jaw, upper lip, and lower lip change monotonically during development.
D. All are true.
Which type of neural circuit generates one motor pattern when triggered by sensory input (1 answer)?
A. Stomatogastric rhythm generator.
B. Reorganizing circuits.
C. Olfactory circuit.
D. Dedicated circuits.
E. Distributed circuits.
EMG data of mandibular electromyographic activity show a more organized pattern during speech as compared to chewing, thus providing evidence for the Frame/Content theory (MacNeilage & Davis 2000).
A. True
B. False
Which of the following does NOT play a significant role in modulating sensory CPGs (1 answer)?
A. Entrainment.
B. Experience.
C. Diet.
D. Afferent feedback.
E. Change in body plan.
The progression of speech motor development can be assessed by (1 answer):
A. Measuring the kinematic characteristics of individual articulators.
B. Measuring the stability of functional synergies for speech movements.
C. Measuring the composition of functional synergies for speech movements.
D. Both B and C
D. Both B and C: measuring the stability of functional synergies for speech movements and measuring the composition of functional synergies for speech movements.
The primary explanatory variables involved in models of motor speech control include (1 answer):
A. Syllables, prosody, and phonemes.
B. Phonology and syntax.
C. Sensorimotor integration and central pattern generators.
D. All of the above.
Speech development is thought to depend on (1 answer):
A. Speech motor control.
B. Language.
C. Cognition.
D. Affect.
E. All of the above.
A. Speech motor control.
From a motor speech perspective, adult speakers are different from child speakers in that adults (1 answer):
A. Have a larger vocabulary.
B. Are more consistent in their productions.
C. May have stored speech motor commands for phrases, words, and syllables.
D. Both B and C.
D. Both B and C: they are more consistent in their productions and they may have stored speech motor commands for phrases, words, and syllables.
Interactions occur between the central pattern generators of (multiple choice):
A. Mastication and respiration.
B. Swallowing and respiration.
C. Mastication and swallowing.
D. No interactions occur.
A. Mastication and respiration.
B. Swallowing and respiration.
C. Mastication and swallowing.
While variability is omnipresent in speech production across the lifespan, measures of variability may tap into different phenomena.
A. True
B. False
Name 2 concepts that are thought to play an important role in speech motor acquisition that are not incorperated in the DIVA-model. Shortly explain the two (max 60 words).
2. Reinforcement
Barlow and colleagues discuss sensorimotor entrainment of respiratory and orofacial systems. What is entrainment?Give an example of how the principle of entrainment is/can be used in speech therapy.
Why is it difficult to answer the question what developed first, anatomy of cognition (2 answers)?
–A. Evolution is a process on the population level
–B. Evolution is a process that cannot be simulated
–C. Evolution is a process featuring circular causality
–D. Evolution is a lengthy process
–C. Evolution is a process featuring circular causality
The quantal vowels [i], [u], and [a] cannot be produced by living non- human primates due to their pharynx-tongue positions.
- True
- False
When had the human ancestor developed a fully human speech anatomy?
–A. about 50.000 years ago
–B. between1.200.000 - 100.000 year ago
–C. about30.000 years ago
–D. about 2.000.000 years ago
The lateralization of brain functions is a trait that is uniquely human.
- True
- False
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