Comparing differences between two samples or conditions
10 important questions on Comparing differences between two samples or conditions
Why do you need the degree of freedom to work out the probability of the t-value?
You need the degree of freedom, because it shows how the shape of the distribution of the t-value changes.
What is a two-tailed (non-directional) hypothesis?
Alternative hypothesis in which no direction of difference is specified-both directions are covered by the hypothesis.
What is the Cohen's d ?
An effect size measure suitable for t-tests.
0.2 - 0.5 small effect
0.5 - 0.8 medium effect
0.8 and greater are seen as large effect sizes
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What is a paired-sample t-test?
A paired-sample t-test is a parametric statistical test used to compare two means from the same sample or from paired or matched samples.
What is a correlation coefficient?
Correlation coefficient is a statistic which indicates the degree of covariation between two variables; ranges between -1.00 and +1.0o.
A correlation coefficient of 0 indicates that there is no linear relationship exists.
But the closer a correlation coefficient is to +1.00 and -1.00, the stronger the relationship between the two variables. (+1.00 and -1.00 are also called perfect relationship)
What can the sign of the correlation coefficient tell us?
+ (positive relationship) is one in which, as scores on one variable increase, scores on the other variable also increase.
- (negative relationship) is one in which, as scores on one variable increase, scores on the other variable decrease (i.e. an inverse relationship).
What is the pearson correlation coefficient (r)?
The pearson correlation coefficient describes the degree of linear relationship between two interval / ratio variables, denoted by r.
+1.00 -1.00 is straight line in a scatterplot (linear line)
Things that need to be taken into considerations when using pearson correlation coefficient (r):
The range of scores
Extreme outliers
What is the coefficient of determination?
Measure of strength of a relationship, describes amount of variance explained, denoted by r2.
What is a residual?
Residual is the difference between an actual score and a predicted score.
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