Probability and randomness

8 important questions on Probability and randomness

What does it mean when events are 'disjoint/mutually exclusive'?

Two or more events in a sample space do not share any outcomes. (e.g. ss = 2x coin toss, the  events that you get 0 head, 1 head and 2 head are disjoint/mutually exclusive)

What is the 'complement' of an event?

The opposite. What would happen if the event in question would not take place. e.g: ss = 2x coin toss, event: 2x head, complement: 1x head, 0x head, 1x head)

What are collectively exhaustive events?

Events that fill up the entire sample space, can also be disjoint.
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What is the probability for an intersection of two disjoint events?

0. They do not overlap, as a result of which there isn't any intersection at all.

What is a union?

The combining of two events (e.g. event A where you pick up 2 black shells + event B where you pick up 2 white shells)

How do you calculate the probability of a union?

P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

What is joint probability?

The probability of the intersection of certain outcomes of the variables.

What are marginal probabilities?

They give the probability when you only take one variable into consideration. e.g. only gender

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