Summary: Structure And Bonding
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1 Structure and Bonding
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How are covalent bonds formed?
When two atoms share electrons so that both have a full outer shell -
What are simple molecular substances?
A basic covalent bond -
What are giant covalent structures?
All atoms are covalently bonded in a massive network -
Describe the bonding in silicon dioxide
Each silicon atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms, each oxygen atom is bonded to two silicon atoms -
Describe the bonding in graphite
Each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms. Forms layers. Layers slide over each other. Layers are not bonded -
What properties do simple molecular substances have and why?
Low melting and boiling points due to weak intermolecular forces, do not conduct electricity due to not having a charge -
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Strong electromagnetic attractio -
Explain conductivity in ionic compounds in their different states
Solids - Particles vibrate in fixed positions so can't move to conduct electricity
Liquids - Particles can move so can conduct electricity
Aqueous - Particles move so can conduct electricity -
Why do giant covalent structures have high melting and boiling points?
No intermolecular forces, only very strong covalent bonds -
Why are metals malleable?
The layers of metal atoms can slide over each other while maintaining their metallic bonding
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