Innovation policy - Adressing innovation systems failure
7 important questions on Innovation policy - Adressing innovation systems failure
What is the collective efficiency of clusters?
- Local pool of specialized labor
- Knowledge spill- overs
- Supportive socio-cultural attributes associated with working practices
- A network of public and private organizations supporting local firms
- Many linkages for both market and non-market exchanges-resource exchange
What does stimulating innovation systems and cluster interaction: the role of brokers mean?
These are spiders in the 'innovation web':
- Bridging gaps between demand and supply in knowledge infrastructure
- Facilitating networking in broader innovation system
- Thus: reducing uncertainty
What is the definition of an innovation broker
Winch and Courtney: an organisation acting as a member of a network of actors that is focused neither on the organisation nor the implementation of innovations, but on enabling other organisations to innovate
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I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
What are the main functions of an innovation broker
- Demand articulation (SWOT and foresight, out-of-the-box thinking)
- Network formation/composition (scanning, scoping, filtering and matchmaking)
- Innovation process management (orchestration)
Network management (cultivating trust, arranging agreements)
Mediator (creating mutual understanding, synchronizing expectations, mitigating conflict)
Gatekeeper (filtering information)
Catalyst (creating and maintaining energy)
What are the different scopes of an innovation broker
- national, sectoral, regional, technological
- Incremental or disruptive (radical) innovations
What are the achievements of an innovation broker?
- Increasing mutual understanding and broadening perspectives
- Innovation brokers act neutrally/impartially
- Catalyze innovation system interaction
- Innovation capacity building
What are the tensions of an innovation broker
- Balancing demands from different parties- different account abilities
- Maintaining neutrally in innovation process and- system in light of 'creative destruction' can be hard
- Brokerage function is quite intangible, so low willingness-to-pay and attribution problems
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