Innovation policy innovation systems and clusters
5 important questions on Innovation policy innovation systems and clusters
Name the characteristics of todays innovation systems and innovation policy
- Firms do not innovate in isolation, but in the context of a system
- This system co-determines success or failure
- Innovation managers need to understand the system in which they have to perform
What are the changing views on innovation
From linear and inward oriented, to systemic and open innovation models
Innovation is succesfull combination of 'hardware' , 'software' and ' orgware'
A multi-acotr phenomenon which is about coordinated action in networks
A non-linear, co-evoluationary process which cannot be fully planned
Use of innovation systems approach what does it consist of
- innovation is a process of collective human action and IS thinking aims to map and structure this
- Also to see why innovations are not realized i.e. why often does not act as a system
- Emphasis is often on the 'innovation support system'
- Function of knowledge infrastructure (education, R&D) and intermediary organisations (KIBS)
- Role of innovation policy
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What is good functioning of the IS: innovative milieux according to Birkin?!
it is not hte machines themselves in which value exists, but the great practice we in Nottingham have had and the ideas we have from being congregated together, that enables us to apply our various improvements to our machines
what are the innovation system functions?
1) entrepreneurial activities: firms who want to advance/survive
2) knowledge development: R&D at different places
3) knowledge diffusion through networks: multi-actor learning
4) Guidance of the search: interactive vision formation
5) Market formation: making markets or support them
6) Resources mobilization: financial and human capital (complementary assets)
7) Creation of legitimacy/overcoming resistance to change
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