DNA mutation, DNA repair and transposable elements - DNA mutation - Spontaneous and induced mutations
6 important questions on DNA mutation, DNA repair and transposable elements - DNA mutation - Spontaneous and induced mutations
What is a "tautomer" ? (2)
- Alternate chemical forms in which DNA or RNA bases can exist
- Keto (normal) --> Enol (rare)
Characteristics of spontaneous chemical changes? (2)
- Depurination and deamination
- Repair with "base excision repair systems"
What is the result of "depurination" ? (3)
- Apurinic site: loss of purine through hydolysation base with deoxyribose
- covalent bond is less stable between base and purine than between base and pyrimidine
- Not repaired? --> no base to specify a complementary base, polymerase may stall or dissociate from the DNA
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What is the result of "deamination" ? (3)
- removal of an amino group from a base
- cytosine --> uracil (only in RNA)
- Not replaced? --> CG - TA transition mutation
What does deamination of "5mC" result to? (5)
- cytosine modified to base 5-methylcytosine
- production of thymine
- G-5mC --> G-T (mismatch)
- G-C --> A-T (transition mutation)
- Less likely to be corrected! --> mutational hot spots
Characteristics of "induced mutations" ? (2)
- Exposure to physical (radiation) or chemical mutagens
- Used for studies, natural frequency is too low
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
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