Engaging citizens
28 important questions on Engaging citizens
What is the difference between government and governance regulation?
- Government involves a special hierarchy.
- Governance integrates all stakeholders equally.
- Focus shifts to collaborative decision-making across sectors.
- Emphasis on collective management and provision of resources.
Who or what is included in governance decision-making?
- Shareholders
- Companies
- States
- Private sector
- Citizens
How is the provision of goods and services characterized in governance?
- Public goods
- Collective services
- Governed by specific norms and logic.
- Moves beyond mere state involvement.
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In what context are 'green' and public authorities mentioned?
- Specifically to public authorities
- Their role in regulation and management.
- Highlights environmental governance under state supervision.
What new forms of governance have emerged for sustainable development?
- Multi-actor governance blends business, civil society, and citizens.
- Moving beyond lobbying to action.
- Combines public and private networks.
- Hybrid and private initiatives increase connectivity.
- Facilitates goal achievement for sustainable development.
What role does government play in multi-actor governance networks?
- Enables and facilitates societal initiatives.
- Positions government as supportive.
- Sets targets and objectives.
- Rewards innovation and leadership.
- Organizes monitoring and feedback.
How is the concept of 'distributed or polycentric global governance' described?
- Features a network of public and private actors.
- Encourages diverse collaboration.
- Addresses global issues through shared governance.
- Difficulty in measuring impacts.
- Increased connectedness among participants.
What are some key examples of hybrid and private initiatives for biodiversity governance?
- IUCN, WBCSD, GFW, UTZ, IFOAM, RSPO.
- These initiatives enhance global governance.
- Connect diverse actors across sectors.
- Provide infrastructure and support networks.
- Aim to address sustainability challenges.
How can continuous reflection aid governments in governance networks?
- Encourages progress monitoring.
- Identifies areas needing improvement.
- Adapts strategies for better results.
- Aligns efforts with sustainable goals.
- Enhances effectiveness in achieving SDGs.
How were decisions made regarding biodiversity in 1960?
What shift occurred from 1990 concerning decision-making in biodiversity?
What topics did Elinor Ostrom focus on regarding goods?
What concept did Elinor Ostrom explore related to self-interest?
What was Elinor Ostrom's view on public goods and competition?
- People have various interests (consumers, investors).
- Self-interest leads to competition.
- This results in over-consumption of public goods.
- Cooperation is essential to overcome this issue.
What is the "Tragedy of the Commons" as described by Hardin?
- Concept by Hardin
- Individuals act in self-interest
- Leads to resource depletion
- Competition exacerbates the issue
- Elinor Ostrom proposed solutions
How did Elinor Ostrom propose overcoming the "Tragedy of the Commons"?
- Encourage cooperation
- Recognize individual preference variations
- Utilize Public Choice theory
- Contributed alongside Buchanan, Tullock, Olson
- Aim for sustainable resource management
What are the different types of property rights related to natural resources?
- Right to use: Owners can utilize their land as desired.
- Right to manage: Determining land use.
- Right to transfer: Lease or sell rights.
- Right to own: Ownership established.
What constitutes private property, common property, public property, and open access?
- Private property: Held by a person.
- Common property: Shared rights in a community.
- Public property: Government-managed rights.
- Open access: No specific claims on resources.
How does polycentric governance relate to mixed property regimes?
- Multiple groups in decision-making.
- Collaboration among public authorities and citizens.
- Freedom for groups to make independent decisions.
- Mixed property regimes involve various property rights allocations.
How does the concept of the tragedy of the commons relate to resource management?
- Overuse of shared resources due to lack of ownership.
- Need for regulation and management strategies.
- Importance of defining property rights to mitigate issues.
- Collective decision-making in resource allocation.
What is important for good collaboration in polycentric governance?
- Trust is essential for effective collaboration.
- Decisions are made collectively by all involved parties.
- Polycentric governance involves multiple centers of decision-making.
- Everyone is included in decision processes.
What entities are involved in the governance model shown?
- B.C. Provincial Government: central authority.
- NGOs: North Columbia Environmental Society, Tourism Action Society in the Kootenays.
- Local Institutions: Revelstoke Municipal Government, Revelstoke Community Forest Corporation.
- Local User Groups: Snowmobilers/Snowmobile-based tourism, Forest Products Industry, Ski Industry (Heli-skiing, Backcountry Tour Guiding).
- Courts are also involved.
What factors contribute to trust within communities regarding common pool resources?
- Clear definition of common pool resource and exclusion of external un-entitled parties;
- Appropriation and provision tailored to local conditions;
- Collective-choice arrangements for decision-making participation;
- Effective monitoring by accountable monitors;
- Graduated sanctions for rule violations;
- Accessible conflict resolution mechanisms;
- Acknowledgment of self-determination by authorities;
- Organization in layers for larger resources.
How does the environment influence trust in common pool resource management?
- The environment in which individuals live;
- The people with whom individuals interact;
- The values upheld by the community;
- Recognition of community identities.
What are the implications of leadership on trust in resource management groups?
- Ensuring rules are added, not replaced;
- Facilitating communication among groups;
- Building trust between members;
- Promoting collaboration across different communities.
Why is effective monitoring essential in the management of common pool resources?
- Accountability by having monitors who are part of the appropriators;
- Increased trust among resource users;
- Assurance that rules are being followed;
- Mechanisms to address violations promptly.
What organizations are involved in the governance of Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP)?
- Government:
- - SANParks: Conservation, resource management.
- - Department of Land Affairs: CPA management.
- - Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism: Ecotourism funding.
- Nongovernment:
- - South African San Institute: Heritage issues.
- - San Technical Advisors: Resource monitoring.
- - Peace Park Foundation: Biodiversity conservation.
- Community:
- - San traditional sub-committee: Plant restoration.
- - San Park Committee: Sit in Joint Management Board.
How do various groups influence decision-making in Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP)?
- Each group prioritizes different interests.
- Government focuses on national interests.
- Community may prioritize biodiversity over governmental interests.
- Nongovernmental entities offer expertise and advocacy.
- Collaborative governance allows diverse input on the environment.
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