Money and green finance across the world
22 important questions on Money and green finance across the world
What are green financial products in retail banking?
- Lower interest rates on mortgages
- Higher energy labels (A or B) lead to better rates
- Encourages sustainable housing investments
How do corporate and investment banking relate to green finance?
- Equities represent stock ownership and dividends
- Bonds provide fixed income as creditors
- Investing in sustainable companies encourages green finance
What are carbon credits and their role in green finance?
- Being tradable on the carbon credit market
- Encouraging companies to adopt sustainable practices
- Supporting a reduction in carbon emissions
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How does asset management function within green finance?
- Investing in various companies through funds
- Availability of "green" funds for investment
- Slightly lower returns compensated by government incentives
What benefits are available through the insurance sector for green investments?
- Discounts for driving electric cars
- Discounts for insuring green homes
- Encourages sustainable choices in insurance
What constitutes a sustainable financial system?
- Creation and valuation of financial assets
- Serving long-term inclusive needs
- Supporting an environmentally sustainable economy
What are the main goals of green finance?
- Internalize externalities
- Reduce risk perceptions
- Shift focus from short-term to long-term investments
- Coordinate efforts between public and private sectors
How can support be provided to developing countries in green finance?
- Development aid for healthcare and education
- Foreign Direct Investments from companies
- Issuance of Sovereign Green Bonds
What is a SOVEREIGN BOND?
- Issued by government
- Used for public spending
- Represents government debt
- Sought after by investors
What are GREEN BONDS?
- Increased environmental funding
- Potential drawback of more debt
- Certification by Climate Bonds Initiative
What milestone did Nigeria achieve with its sovereign green bond?
- The first sovereign green bond in Africa
- Gained certification from Climate Bonds Initiative
- Set a precedent for other African states
What action has the Moroccan Capital Market Authority (AMMC) taken regarding green bonds?
- A green bond framework
- Practical guidelines for green bond issuance
- Aimed at promoting sustainable finance
What significant step did Kenya take regarding green bonds in January 2020?
- London Stock Exchange
- Aimed to enhance sustainable finance
- Development of a green bond framework at Nairobi Stock Exchange
What role does South Africa play in issuing green bonds?
- Issued green bonds at the municipal level
- Explored sustainable funding methods
- Influenced other regions’ green finance
What challenges do developing countries face in green finance?
- Weak institutions
- Unsubstantial governance
- Conflict-affected countries
- Need for market regulation & policies
What challenges do developed countries face in green finance?
- Lack of transparent reporting
- Poor control
- Disagreements on climate finance
What does debt-based money creation depend on?
- Debt becoming smaller relative to GDP
- Incentives for governments to pursue growth
- A cycle of economic growth and ecological impact
What is a proposed solution for reconciling economies?
- Real economy (production)
- Financial economy (money accumulation)
- Through sovereign money creation
What is Quantitative Easing and its potential consequence?
- Quantitative Easing (QE) involves printing money to stimulate the economy.
- Aims to keep interest rates low by increasing money supply.
- Risks include inflation, causing prices to rise.
Explain the components of the equation M*V=P*T.
- M: Money Supply
- V: Velocity of circulation (money changing hands)
- P: Average Price Level
- T: Volume of transactions
- Describes the money flow in the economy.
Describe the process and purpose of steps in quantitative easing using the provided diagram.
- Central bank creates money.
- Buys government debt from financial institutions.
- Interest rates decline.
- Businesses and consumers borrow more.
- Increased spending stimulates the economy.
What is a LOCAL CURRENCY and how does it benefit the community?
- Being issued in specific locations
- Supporting local businesses and small entrepreneurs
- Facilitating transactions within neighborhoods
- Repairing or hiring services using local currency
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