Summary: Style And Modernity

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• Neoclassicism in Italy and England

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• What is a style?

  A style is a certain way of painting/building in either a particular place or moment. It always has a defined source and can be formulated in a theory. Styles can be local or periodical, but every artist has his own style as well.

• What was the position of artists during Neoclassicism?

  They were the teachers of moral lessons, which they were supposed to teach through perfect architecture.

• What was the difference between the Baroque and Classicism?

  Both took place during the 17th century, but the Baroque was very ornamental and flowery whereas Classicism was all about harmony, symmetry and decorum.

• Which event was the start of the Greek revival and why?

  The rediscovery of the Paestum in 1740, which was considered so perfect and elegant and symbolic for a perfect society.

• What was an important change in style during Neoclassicism and marked the end of Classicism?

  Instead of using the floral Corinthic order, the simple Doric order was used more often instead.

• What was the link between art and science during the Neoclassicistic period?

  Artists started painting significant scientific milestones, such as the discovery of the Paestum, in order to discover history. These paintings were only bought by the very rich as they combined art and science and therefore were a symbol of power and class.

• What happened in Italy because of the newfound love for the antique arts during Neoclassicism?

  Tourists started coming who wanted to see the famous ancient buildings. This was a symbol of status and class, and in turn the first tour guide books were created to show these tourists around and to explain to them in more scientific terms what they were seeing.

• Of what movement were the English landscape gardens a part and how did that movement get its name?

  The Picturesque movement. It got its name because the gardens of this movement were based on paintings (pictures) of what people in the Baroque believed to be perfect ancient Roman gardens.

• What were landscape gardens supposed to look like?

  Natural, as opposed to the very well-tended Baroque gardens, with crooked paths and streams. Vistas were very important to these, which were points from which you could see certain landmarks. These landmarks were based on ancient Roman temples and sometimes were made to look like ruins.

• Which architectural style was generally used in the English landscape gardens?

  Neopalladianism, after Andrea Palladio's designs for Roman-looking temples. These were round, with many columns.