The Gothic Revival - France and Great Britain

18 important questions on The Gothic Revival - France and Great Britain

Who came up with the theory of polychromy?

Hittorff.

What was the polychromy debate?

Neoclassicists could not decide whether or not ancient Greek buildings had been brightly coloured.

What was special about Henry Labrouste's Bibliothèque St. Genevieve?

It was the first use of cast iron (1850) and it was inspired by medieval and Renaissance buildings.
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What did Viollet-le-Duc want to do?

Revive Gothicism through new materials such as cast iron to recreate vaults.

What was Paxton's architectural innovation?

Prefabricated glass and cast iron in standard modules to make building easier.

What happened in France in 1844?

  1. Napoleon II was crowned
  2. A French Industrial Fair was held, followed by many others all throughout Europe.

What was characteristic for Victorian architecture?

As a protest against the Industrial Revolution, architects like Pugin, Ruskin and Morris attempted for a Gothic Revival.

Which new building types came up due to the Industrial Revolution?

  1. Town halls
  2. Coffee shops
  3. Museums
  4. Banks
  5. Hotels
  6. Railway Stations
  7. Hospitals

Why was Pugin so important to the Gothic Revival in England?

Because he came up with the necessary architectural theories to give birth to Neo-Gothicism.

Give an example of a building of the Gothic Revival?

Westminster Palace, part of Neo-Gothicism.

Why did Gothicism have such a strong position in Great Britain?

Because it remained popular all the way from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution.

What did Pugin believe about Gothicism?

That it was the only moral style of architecture, as it was the only style fit for Christianity because of its symbolism and tallness. He published this in his "Contrasts" (1841).

What are John Ruskin's Seven Lamps of Architecture?

Sacrifice, truth, power, beauty, life, memory and obedience. What matters most is that all of these mean that a building should be an aspiration towards God, built by man's hands and according to God's wants.

Of which styles consisted Britain's 19th century Eclecticism?

Neo-Classicism, Neo-palladianism, Neo-Renaissance, Gothicism and Romanticism.

Who was Richard Shaw and what was his country style?

A late Victorian domestic architect who came up with the Old English style. This style uses stained glass and tall roofs and shingles. Tallness matters most, as well as everything being of local crafts. It was meant to be comfortable, with meandering stairs and hallways. He liked Viollet-le-Duc.

Which style did Richard Shaw invent for urban settings?

The Queen Anne style, with red bricks, talls facades, white wood and decorative porches and balconies. This was very popular amongst the rich ladies and Shaw considered it fake.

Which buildings came along with factories during the Industrial Revolution?

Shops, banks and warehouses.

Who was an architect of the Gothic Revival in the Netherlands and why was he criticized?

Pierre Cuypers, designer of the Neo-Gothic Rijksmuseum. This was deemed too Catholic by the Protestant Dutch.

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