Apoptosis and stress - Stress
4 important questions on Apoptosis and stress - Stress
Apoptosis can be induced by different kinds of stress
- Chemical stress: damage essential molecules
- Physical stress: UV-radiation, X-radiation, heat
- Physiological stress: low oxygen, metabolic misbalance, low pH
- Pathological stress: fever, infections, reperfusion, cancer
DNA damage and replication stress
- Signals: DNA damage/replication stress
- Transductors
- Effectors: cell cycle transition, apoptosis, transcription, DNA repair
Proto-oncogenes can be inhibitors of apoptosis
- Translocation of BCL2, causing B-cell lymphoma
- BCL-2 gene is translocated into a gene of the heavy chain of Ig, a strong promoter.
- B-cells produce a lot of antibodies, so high expression of BCL-2
- Have to be killed by BH3-only protein BIM, avoiding apoptosis
- Because of protection by BCL-2
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Functional domains of p53
- TAD: required for transcriptional activation
- PRD: enables protein-protein interactions
- DBD: specifically binds to DNA consensus recognition elements in the promoters of target genes
- Tetramerization domain (4D)
- CTD: binds DNA nonspecifically and might regulate specific DNA binding by the DBD
- Nuclear localization signal (L): located between DBD and 4D
- Nuclear export signal (E): embedded in 4D
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