Constituency and classes

15 important questions on Constituency and classes

Tell me about the mf substitution test dog

Replacement test.
a constituent is replaced by a pro-form
The crackwhore sucked cock in the billiards room.
she sucked cock in the billiards room
she sucked cock there
she sucked it there
the crackwhore= one constituent
in the billiards room= one constituent       
what is a pro-form tho?
aight so its like a generic element that can be used to
-express the same meaning
-replace and refer back to the replaced item
that item would be called the antecedent.

What can you tell me about pro-adverbials in substitution test

There= pro-adverbial of place
we went to the albert heijn in the seventh plane of existence
we went there.
then = pro-adverbial of time
next year i might blow up the pentagon. I think the time will be just right then.
then refers to next year.

What can you tell me about the pro-form so in substitution test

Stands for a whole ass clause
Have you heard that Jesus died on the cross? The plebs say so
so refers to jesus dying on a cross.
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On god what can you spill about passivization?

Aight so hear me out. A constituent is turned into the subject of a passive clause.
an Islamic revolt was bound to turn the tables in the McDonald's affair.
vs. The tables were bound to be turned by an Islamic revolt in the McDonald's affair.

This is only possible with objects.

What the actual fuck is clefting?

A constituent is highlighted by being separated from the rest of the clause by a construction
it+be+focus+clause

it was a dreary October night when i booked my flight to malasia
It was the abandoned mineshaft where I had my true love's kiss.
it is the Chief of staff who dictates how many bagels one should eat in the office. 

only whole constituents can be the focus of clefts.

What can you divulge about the Answer fragment test sir?

Tests if a string can be used as a response to an open interrogative
WHAT were you doing at church yesterday? Having sexual relations with people who are appropriately aged.
What are you thinking rn? Lions have great jumping power, but only horizontally.

Only constituents can be used as free-standing phrases and as responses to questions.

What are some difficulties with word classes?

Word classes have core and peripheral members.
border between them is not always clear
e.g. Nouns can be more or less nouny. Do they possess  the noun vibe or are they mid?
there are also multiclass words
-homonyms
or some function words
e.g. To: preposition and infinitive marker.

flying planes can be dangerous
-flying them is dangerous
-planes that fly are dangerous

What can you tell me about adverbial particles?

Small group of words that are closely linked to verbs to which they are bound in meaning.
come on, break down

What can you tell me about prepositional verbs?

Lexical verbs followed by a preposition with which  they form a semantic unit.
he commented on my sloppy toppy skills.
the preposition forms a syntactic unit with the phrase it precedes
he/ commented/ on my sloppy toppy

What are phrasal verbs?

Lexical verbs followed by an adverbial particle with which they form a semantic and grammatical unit

he looked up the word on Hoehel.

What can my guy say about coordinating conjunctions?

Coordinators are linking words that indicate relationships between two units of equal rank.
'and, but, or'
correlative coordinators: both, either...or, neither..nor

What is the deal with subordinating conjunctions?

Subordinators are linking words that introduce a dependent clause/embedded clause

you can overthrow the local authorities if the cows let you
as they were eating kale,
it occured to them how mundanely white they were 
subtypes in terms of internal structure are single words like if, because while when, but also complex subordinators like as long as, even if, oncondition that.

Talk to me about interjections dude

They are inserts that can carry
emotional and discursive meaning
they have no syntactic function.

Tell me about some single-word classes dog

Existential there
- there's love in the air
its a pronoun

negator not
you can't eat those hookers john
word class: hard r negator


infinitive marker to
what do you want to caramelize?
class: infinitive marker

What can you tell me about endocentric vs exocentric phrases?

Exocentric phrases are only the PP
indocenric the rest

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