Summary: Systems Approach In Animal Science

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• 1 Chapter 1

• Theory of Roger Bacon

  • Discovered scientific approach
  • Seperating problem from its context (makes it possible to control all potential)
  • Changes are result of deliberate actions (doelbewust)

• Theory of Rene Descartes

  • View the world like a machine, parts can be isolated
    
  • break up in parts to understand the whole

• 1.1 Reductionistic approach

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• Focus, advantage and disadvantage of reductionistic approach

  Focus on analysis, generates know-how
  advantage = gain specific knowledge
  disadvantage = misses interaction between system components

• 1.2 Systems approach

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• Focus, synergetic effects, context

  • Focus on synthesis
  • synergetic effect = relation between components that make up the system
  • context = interaction of the system with its environment

• Steps of systems approach:

  1. Zoom out:
     
  • general description of the problem
  • general research question
  • boundries of the system and its context
  2. Zoom in:
  • gain knowledge on specific aspects of problem (deelvragen)
  • work together with specialized disciplines
  • understand how seperate components work
  3. Zoom out: 
  • link and integrate knowledge from different research domains -> answer general research question 
  • combine knowledge of components in order to increase knowledge of the whole

• 1.3 Holism

• What is Holism and where does it lead to?

  Relation between elements of the whole system and placing it in its context.
  Determine the characteristics and behavior of the whole systems
  leads to know-why

• 1.4 Research approach in practice

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• What are the results of reductionistic oriented research?

  Aiming; 
  

  • improving labour
  • land
  • capital use efficiency
  • increasing individual animal production levels 

  
  (know-why is often not considerd)

• 1.5 Reductionistic approach to the world food problem

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• Green revolutionLess hunger due to:

  Higher crop yield per Ha -> higher income for poor farmers -> overcoming poverty (armoede) -> more food -> less hunger
  
  A lot of research to improve plants -> higher yields

• What was wrong with green revolution?

  • Plants were starting point of research, no context was taken into account
  • Was focused on resource rich farmers -> bigger gap between rich and poor
  • Narrowing genetic basis of plants -> increased risk because plants became more vulnerable to disease outbreaks

• 1.6.1 System hierarchy

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• In system hierarchy: input or output larger?

  Inputs and outputs are never equal, because the system needs maintenance -> output is always smaller than input