Auditory Word Recognition
15 important questions on Auditory Word Recognition
Air stream via noise
- Nasal: m, n
- Oral: b, d, g
Problems for listener: continuous-to-discrete mapping
assimilation, co-articulation:‘tandpasta’ --> tampasta)
Problems for listener: one-to-many mapping
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Initial contact (speech recognition -> word recognition)
Selection (speech recognition -> word recognition)
- Uniqueness point: the point at which the word starts to deviate from other words in the lexicon
- Isolation point: one word candidate is left in the cohort
- Recognition point: word is recognized
Lexical access (speech recognition -> word recognition)
The Cohort I model
Selection: after each next phoneme, words that no longer fit drop out of the cohort; semantic and syntactic context can also lead to the removal of words from the cohort: interaction
Lexical access: of only one word remains in the cohort (maximally at the uniqueness point), this word is recognized
Problems for Cohort model I
- Frequency-effect
- What is a phoneme has been identified wrongly?
- Word and phoneme segmentation
TRACE: Three levels of representation
- Acoustic features
- Phonemes
- Words
Metrical segmentation strategy (MSS)
Prelexical (phonetic) code
Postlexical (phonemic) code
Context effects: phoneme restoration effect
- In a spoken sentence one phoneme has been replaced nu a sound (a cough)
- This word context effect does not work in sentence context
Context effects: Bottum-up explanation: race model
- Phonemic route: from acoustic signal to phonemes
- Lexical route: from lexicon to phonemes
In case of bad signal, the lexical route wins
Sentence context effects
Priming: an active word activates semantically related words. A related word is recognized fast than an unrelated word
Context condition: whole text
Neutral condition: only the last sentence
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
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