Autism & neurodiversity

11 important questions on Autism & neurodiversity

What are symptoms of autism?

Impaired social interaction
25% do not develop communicative speech(visual thinkers)
Abnormal interests and behaviors
Some autistic people mentally retarded or savants

What levels are there of autism?

Level 3- most severe form often mental retardation
Level 2-  less severe
Level 1- former asperger syndrome- deficient social interactions

What is typical for level 3 behaviour?

Compulsive behaviour
Sameness(resistance to change)
Ritualistic behavior
Self-injury
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What is typical level 1 behaviour?

Deficient social interactions
No delay in language development
No important cognitive deficits
Repetitive behaviour
Obsessional interest in narrow subjects
Systemizing qualities

What are environmental factors which influence ASD?

Prenatal infections
Older age parents
Birth complications(especially hypoxia)

For what causes are there no scientific evidence?

Mercury
MMR and vaccine theory

How was air pollution related to autism?

Air pollution has more ultrafine particles which are problematic during pregnancy and first year of life

What are the concordance rates in MZ and DZ for broadly defined autism?

MZ=90%
DZ=10%

Where are most mutations found in genetic studies?

Especially those that interfere with neuronal development, synaptogenesis and neural communication

What are a few genetic factors for ASD?

On DNA level:
Mutations in sequence for proteins and copy number variants

Epigenetics

RNA level: differences in gene expression

What is with the brain size in autistic children?

First 2/3 years grows abnormally fast and is about 10% larger than normal, then it slows down so by adolescence it is about 1 to 2 percent larger than normal.

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