Articles - Acs & Audretsch (1988)

3 important questions on Articles - Acs & Audretsch (1988)

We find that innovative output increases with industry R &D expenditures at a

less than proportional rate.

The Small Business Administration defines an innovation as

a process that begins with an invention, proceeds with the development of the invention, and results in the introduction of a new product, process or service to the market place."

Industry innovation tends to decrease as the level of concentration

rises. In addition, there is evidence supporting the hypothesis that unionization is negatively related to innovation activity

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