Glaciers - mali

24 important questions on Glaciers - mali

Why does the spread of land ice make the weather even colder during an ice age

It is colder because snow (white) reflects a lot of sunlight.

What is the difference between a lateral moraine and medial moraine?

A lateral moraine is glacier debris on the sides of a glacier. Medial moraines occur when two ice lobes converge and the lateral moraines of both lobes end up in the middle of the new glacier.

How can you see how far the glacier has travelled?

The terminal moraines show how far the glacier has travelled.
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Name three transporters of weathered material, apart from ice

Rivers, sea and wind

Which two transporters are the strongest?

The two strongest transporters are ice and water (rivers and sea)

Which transporter is least important in the Alps?

Wind is the least important transporter in the Alps.

Why does a river erode the landscape in the upper reaches?

Landscape is eroded in the upper reaches because the current of the river is very fast there.

Explain how a difference in the hardness of the rock caused the formation of the Schaffhausen waterfall.

The waterfall formed because water erodes soft rock faster than hard rock

Explain why the waterfall is gradually moving to the left.

The soft rock under the hard rock is disintegrating. After a while, the hard rock will fall.

When did land ice reach the Netherlands for the last time?

During the Saale glaciation (Riss glacial)

During the ice age, was the coast more to the east or to the west

At that time the coast was more to the west than it is now.

What type of landscape existed in the Netherlands during the last ice age?

The Netherlands was a polar desert during the last ice age

Why is the flow rate of the Rhine lower at Basel than at Lobith?

A lot of tributaries join the Rhine after it has passed Basel

In which season is the flow rate at Basel highest?

Summer

In which season is the flow rate at Lobith highest?

Winter

Explain the difference why in Lobith it is lower in the summer than is Basel

It is mostly glacier water that flows through the Rhine at Basel. Glaciers melt in spring and summer. The regime at Lobith is determined by rainwater. There is more rain and less evaporation in winter.

Why is the regime of the Rhine more irregular at Lobith than at Basel?

It is mostly glacier water that flows through the Rhine at Basel and the influence of (unpredictable) precipitation on the regime is limited. Secondly, a lot of tributaries enter the Rhine at Lobith.

In which country is the largest part of the catchment area of the Rhine located?

Germany

How can you recognize the horsts

The horsts are higher and they are planted with vines. The graben is lower and is used for meadows and growing crops.

Why is the Rhine valley narrower and deeper in the middle

The valley is narrower and deeper because the river has to cut a path through the Rhenish Massif

Why are there so many mediaeval castles in this region?

The castles were built on mountain ridges and offered an excellent view of the shipping on the Rhine.

Why does sedimentation occur in the lower reaches of a river?

The gradient is low in the lower reaches and the current slows down, so gravel and other debris can easily sink.

Why are river deltas densely populated?

Deltas are densely populated because they are low-lying, fertile areas close to the sea.

Write down two differences between an estuary and a delta

  1. A delta is wider than an estuary.
  2. There is more sedimentation in a delta than an  estuary.

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