Summary: The Lego Bricks Of Life
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Read the summary and the most important questions on The lego bricks of life
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Lecture cell communication
This is a preview. There are 9 more flashcards available for chapter 02/10/2020
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What is the fastest effect of external signals?
When the signal has direct effect on proteins in the cell -
DNA variation in individuals and populations
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What is a mutation?
Heritable changes in the genetic information -
What are gene mutations?
- Point mutation: replace one base for another base
- Transversion: purine to pyrimidine
- Transition: purine to purine
- Point mutation: replace one base for another base
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What is a nonsense mutation?
Change of a codon that usually codes for an amino acid, into a stop codon. The protein becomes shorter. -
What is the effect of promotor mutations?
Transcription factors cannot bind properly and that blocks or activates transcription -
What is the effect of spile site mutations?
Usually intron are removed from the mRNA. That is done at specific sequence. When there is a change in that sequence, the intron will not be removed -
What is a deletion?
Removing of one or more nucleotide pairs from the DNA sequence -
What is a frameshift mutation?
The codon translation reading frame shifts and that completely changes the amino acid seqeunce. -
What is an in-frame mutation?
When 3 DNA base pairs are added or deleted. This doesn't result in frame shifting -
What are the types of chromosomal mutations?
Deletion : removing one segment on the chromosomeDuplication : copy a segment on the chromosome- Inversion: turn around a piece of the chromosome
- pericentric: includes the centromere
- paracentric: excludes the centromere
- Translocation:
- nonreciprocal intrachromosomal
- nonreciprocal interchromosomal
- reciprocal interchromosomal
- Aneuploidy: different number of chromosomes than what you actually need
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