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The Norman Invasion and the Gaelic Recovery - King John and the Administration of the Irish Government

20 important questions on The Norman Invasion and the Gaelic Recovery - King John and the Administration of the Irish Government

When did John rule as King of England?

1199-1216

Under John the colony size expanded but speculative grants were divided into smaller size under a greater number of tenants-in-chief. Who in 1185 did he grant the North-Eastern part of O'Brien's kingdom of Limerick to? (this area more or less compromising modern Co. Tipperary) and how and when did they occupy their possessions

Theobald Walter- who was created first hereditary Butler of Ireland
Philip Worcester
William de Burgh

They took up arms straight away but not until 1193 when de Burgh married King Donal Mor O'Brien' King of Limerick's daughter that the occupation became effective

Name three other areas that were granted to Norman and if they were successfully occupied?

Connacht was speculatively granted to de Burgh, but this was allowed to lapse as the kings justiciar was made with Rory O'Connor's brother Cathal O'Connor.

in 1201 William Braose was made overlord of the whole kingdom of Limerick, accept for the city of Limerick, church lands and de Burgh land.

The O'Carrol kingdom of Airgialla, following the death of King Murchadh was divided between Gilbert Pipard and Bertram de Verdon. The costal plain between Drogheda and Dundalk which became know as Louth or Uriel was rapidly colonised

When and why was their fresh impetus to plant Leinster and Meath?

Hugh de Lacy's son Walter came of age in 1194 and the arrival of William Marshal who was married to Strongbow's daughter in 1207.

How and why was John de Courcy destroyed by King John?

Possibly due to jealousy and that he was interfering in Connacht and was expanding his land holdings in the north.

King John used Hugh de Lacy the younger brother to the Lord of Meath (who already held much of de Verdon's land in Meath through right of marriage). Hugh invaded Ulster in 1204 defeating and imprisoning de Courcy and in return King John made Hugh Earl palatine of Ulster over all lands that de Courcy had on the day of his capture.

William de Braose quarrelled with John in 1209 and fled to Ireland and was protected by the de Lacy brothers and William Marshal, what was the consequence of these actions?

King John came to Ireland for a second time with an army in 1210. William Marshal Lord of Leinster succeeded in making peace with King John. But the honor of Limerick and the Lordship of Meath and Ulster were declared forfeit to the king.

How many Irish Kings are said to have paid homage to King John in 1210 and which kings joined him in his expedition to Ulster?

20. Cathal O'Connor king of Connacht and Muirchertach O'Brien, king of Limerick

It could be argued that King John's stop gap policy towards the marcher barons bears some of the responsibility towards what?

Slowing the tide of the conquest and perpetuating the frontier between and Irish and English areas that would bedevil Irish society for the rest oft he middle ages.

Parliamentary session gradually came into existence in Ireland over the 13th Century, what was their origins?

Under Henry II the justiciar was already expected to meat with the council of feudal tenants-in-chief, The Great Council when the king's council were joined by the barons in general gradually evolved over the course of the 13th century (as in England) into a parliamentary sessions

How was the foundations for royal government laid in Ireland over the course of King John's reign? Name three points - the points should cover bureaucracy, courts and the laws concerning the barons.

In John's reign revenue for Dublin and Waterford was collected by a team of exchequer clerks working under the justiciar.

During John's reign the machinery of sheriffs and shires, county courts and itinerant justice was first introduced.
in 1210 before King John left the barons consented that the laws and customs of England should be observed in Ireland also

How was the foundations for royal government laid in Ireland over the course of King Henry III's reign? (name 3 points)

A separate royal seal was made for Ireland under the reign of Henry III, with a chancellor as the custodian.
The first treasurer of Ireland was appointed in 1217.
A permanent King's Bench was established in 1248

As the liberties were phased out the kings writ was extended By the end of Edward I reign (1307)there were 12 counties in Ireland and four remaining liberties, what are the 12 counties and why and when were they shired and what were the 4 remaining liberties?

Counties:
Dublin: Dublin got a Shire court in the 1190's
Munster: 1235 Limerick and Tipperary had sperate shire courts.
Louth: Shired 1227
Kerry: Mid 13th Century
Connacht: Mid 13th Century
Roscommon: Mid 13th Century
Kildare: 1297
Carlow: 1306
Meath:

When were Hugh de Lacy and Walter Lacy restored to their titles and what were the titles

Walter de Lacy was returned to his title of Lord of Meath by 1215
and Hugh de Lacy was returned to his title of Earl of Ulster and his lands lands in Louth were returned in 1227

The Plantagenet kings position as feudal overlords of the church meant that the church's needed to acquire a licence in order to elect a new bishop or abbot from the king. How did the Plantagenet's exploit this position?

They used church positions as a way to reward their civil servants.

When was the last native Irish archbishop of Dublin die, what was his name? Subsequently future successful candidates were normally royal appointees, what secular offices did they not infrequently combine this role with?

1180. Laurence O'Toole.

chancellor, treasurer or even justiciar of Ireland.

The Irish clerics faced discrimination and Anglo-Norman clerics were instead promoted to positions of power. Name three actions that were taken to limit the advancement of Irish clerics (one during John's reign, one in 1217 and one in 1303)

During the reign of King John there was a campaign to ensure all dioceses under royal control had a Anglo-Norman bishops.
In 1217 a royal mandate stated that no Irishman should be appointed to a cathedral chapter in future.
1303 the death of the then Archbishop of Armagh, the succession of Archbishops passed to an almost unbroken series of Anglo-Norman prelates based permanently based in county Louth

How was the formation of parishes different in the east of the country to the west?

Parishes in the east of the county often coincided with the manor (the basic unit of colonization) and in the west parish sized varied from kingdom to kingdom, some were larger based on a ancient population group and others were based around a particular shrine.

The church held substantial land holdings, what was this land used for at the time of the invasion and how did the use of church lands contrast between the Irish areas and the Norman areas?

At the time of the invasion church a portion of church land had already been set to endow bishoprics and monastic communities who followed the newly introduced Cistercian, Augustinian and Benedictine rules, more land was used for parish glebe lands. In the Norman areas the remaining estates were either disposed of by endowering new communities annexing them to secular fiefs. In the Irish areas there still was land owned by the church who's tenants claimed benefit of clergy and paid rents to the local bishop.

Most of the Irish clergy were drawn from what community and what pre-reformed traits did this intensely conservative community continue that lent creditability to colonial legislation against the promotion of Irish clergy?

Tenants of the church from lands outside of the colonised areas.

clerical marriage.
concubinage
hereditary office holding
patronage of the bardic classes
And a tendency of Irish monks although nominally Cistercian or Augustinian to abandon dorms and refectories and live in sperate house with families parcelling out lands between them.

Which orders avoided the trap of hereditary land tenure and there by kept their ideals relatively untarnished and there by shouldered the burden of preaching and pastoral work in Gaelic Ireland?

Dominican and Franciscan friars.

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

The Oxford History of Ireland | 9780192802026 | R F Foster, et al

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The Norman Invasion and the Gaelic Recovery - King John and the Administration of the Irish Government

20 important questions on The Norman Invasion and the Gaelic Recovery - King John and the Administration of the Irish Government

When did John rule as King of England?

Name three other areas that were granted to Norman and if they were successfully occupied?

When and why was their fresh impetus to plant Leinster and Meath?

How and why was John de Courcy destroyed by King John?

William de Braose quarrelled with John in 1209 and fled to Ireland and was protected by the de Lacy brothers and William Marshal, what was the consequence of these actions?

How many Irish Kings are said to have paid homage to King John in 1210 and which kings joined him in his expedition to Ulster?

It could be argued that King John's stop gap policy towards the marcher barons bears some of the responsibility towards what?

Parliamentary session gradually came into existence in Ireland over the 13th Century, what was their origins?

How was the foundations for royal government laid in Ireland over the course of King John's reign? Name three points - the points should cover bureaucracy, courts and the laws concerning the barons.

How was the foundations for royal government laid in Ireland over the course of King Henry III's reign? (name 3 points)

As the liberties were phased out the kings writ was extended By the end of Edward I reign (1307)there were 12 counties in Ireland and four remaining liberties, what are the 12 counties and why and when were they shired and what were the 4 remaining liberties?

When were Hugh de Lacy and Walter Lacy restored to their titles and what were the titles

The Plantagenet kings position as feudal overlords of the church meant that the church's needed to acquire a licence in order to elect a new bishop or abbot from the king. How did the Plantagenet's exploit this position?

When was the last native Irish archbishop of Dublin die, what was his name? Subsequently future successful candidates were normally royal appointees, what secular offices did they not infrequently combine this role with?

The Irish clerics faced discrimination and Anglo-Norman clerics were instead promoted to positions of power. Name three actions that were taken to limit the advancement of Irish clerics (one during John's reign, one in 1217 and one in 1303)

How was the formation of parishes different in the east of the country to the west?

The church held substantial land holdings, what was this land used for at the time of the invasion and how did the use of church lands contrast between the Irish areas and the Norman areas?

Most of the Irish clergy were drawn from what community and what pre-reformed traits did this intensely conservative community continue that lent creditability to colonial legislation against the promotion of Irish clergy?

Which orders avoided the trap of hereditary land tenure and there by kept their ideals relatively untarnished and there by shouldered the burden of preaching and pastoral work in Gaelic Ireland?

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