Restrictive reforms

8 important questions on Restrictive reforms

What is election fraud?

Intentional and illegal, mostly winning as goal. Things as vote buying, switching ballots and stuffing the ballot box

What is election malpractice?

Smart manipulating. Changing the election in your favor, but it is not clear whether it is intentional or not. Difficulties in organizing an election might have as consequence malpractice, but that does not have to be intentional

What is electoral integrity?

Elections that are conform the norms of free and fair elections. It guarantees a level playing field of fair competition between political parties and candidates
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What is the menu of manipulation?

- legal framework
- electoral management
- district demarcation
- voter, candidate and party registration
- campaign media
- campaign finance
- voting process
- vote count and tabulation
- vote results
- dispute adjudication

How do we measure electoral integrity?

- media
- citizens
- electoral forensics (based on fraud techniques used in banking)
- election observers
expers

What are trends in electoral integrity?

Western Europe and North America are doing the best. Africa and Asia not bad. Elections generally have improved; mostly just some election rigging

What are specific challenges to electoral integrity in established democracies?

- campaign finance
- campaign media
- election laws
- boundaries
- voter registrations

What are things that can be improved in electoral integrity in The Netherlands?

- voting by proxy
- voting via vote computer
- postal voting
- transparency of campaign finance
- accessibility voting for people with disabilities

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

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