Emancipation of the Serfs - A Flawed Measure
11 important questions on Emancipation of the Serfs - A Flawed Measure
When was the Edict of Emancipation promulgated?
What were the terms of the Edict of Emancipation?
Serfs were:
- freed from feudal obligations
- allotted land for their needs
- indebted to state and obliged to make redemption payments ot the obschina (village mir) over a 49 year period
Landlords received:
- compensation from the state for the land in the form of Treasury bonds
What was the peasant reaction to the Edict of Emancipation?
- Peasants were incredulous because they had to pay for land that they felt belonged to them because they had always tended it
- Many, believing that the real terms of the Emancipation had been concealed by their landlords, rioted in protest
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Why was the Edict of Emancipation onerous for the (freed!) peasantry?
- Lost on average 4.1 % of pre-1861 holdings
- In more fertile regions lost much more; eg. in Steppe provinces figure was 23.3% and Ukrane it was 30.8%
Why didn't the dvoriane benefit from the emancipation despite government measures to protect their economic interests?
What was the affect of government financial compensation being used to settle government debts on Russian industry?
What was the impact of little change in agricultural practises after the Edict of Emancipation was passed?
- Russia produced 6 hectolitres per acre of cereals at this time
- In contrast, France and Prussia produced more than 9
- Britain and Holland produced 14
What was the government's new method of peasant control after the Edict of Emancipation?
- movement of peasants; so that those who wanted to travel more than 20 miles needed an internal passport
What two parts of the Edict of Emancipation has Alexander Gerschenkron argued prevented Russian economic development?
- Mir internal control contributed to the retardation of Russian economic development because it didn't allow for a freely mobile labour force
- Redemption payments reduced peasant purchasing power and so didn't allow for the development of industry
What is the argument for why the Edict of Emancipation helped to stimulate Russian industry?
- Between 2-3 million peasants weren't given land in the Edict of Emancipation meaning that there was a pool of available labour
- many internal passports were issued meaning that there was a freely mobile labour force
- Moreover, as redemption payments were spread over a long period, in many cases they were no higher than the rents which former serfs had paid to their landlords
What is Watt's conclusion on how the Edict of Emancipation stimulated Russian industry?
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