Monogastrics - Future animal performance pig/poultry
9 important questions on Monogastrics - Future animal performance pig/poultry
High sow performance is due to the following four things
- Genetic progress
- mild climatic conditions / indoor housing
- high labour input
- stable feed composition/quality
A high litter size comes with the following two things:
- Low birth weight piglets
- Variation in birth weight
What are the two consequences of a high litter size?
- Increased pig mortality
- Reduced piglet growth rate/development
- Higher grades + faster learning
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What are the four ethical and welfare implications of large litter sizes?
- Increased pig mortality; intra-uterine crowding, low birth weight, oxygen shortage at birth, chilling and starvation
- Surviving piglets; competition at udder, impaired gut function, cognitive problems
- Applied management; hunger resulting from cross-fostering or rescue desks
- Sow welfare; especially around farrowing (pain), udder damage, energy costs of lactation
What are the four things in how breeding can be proceed in the future?
- 'Less focus on litter size in circular economy'
- Selection strategy of animals; genomic selection; include pre-natal parameters
- Nutritional interventions during pregnancy/parturition; e.g. Specific feed components that increase placenta development, parturition process
- Management of low birt weight piglets; extra labour? Cross-fostering? Milk replacer?
How big was the litter size in the Netherlands in 2020
Is it fisible on an economic perspective to have a high litter size?
What is one of the reasons why high litter size results in smaller piglets?
What is another reason why high litter size results in higher piglet mortality rates?
- Longer farrowing process --> ones that are born last have an oxygen shortages and lower viability and higher mortality rates.
- Lower birth weight, therefore they have lower energy stores (glycogen, brown fat), will have an increased temperature drop after they are born, this causes chilling.
- Lower intake of colostrum due to competition this causes starvation and increased piglet mortality.
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