Sex Estimation
22 important questions on Sex Estimation
What is the difference between a male and female pubic bone?
- Male: narrower
- Female: wider, phenice traits (appearance with an arch, ridges and concavities)
What is the difference between male and female pelvic blades?
- Males: more vertical orientation
- Female: more angled and flared orientation
What is the difference between a male and female auricular surface?
- Male: a flat(ter) surface
- Female: a raised surface, sometimes a groove or a furrow forms underneath the inferior edge of the auricular surface called the preauricular sulcus
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What is the difference between a male and female sacrum?
- Male: narrower, less straight, projects more into the pelvic outlet than the female sacrum
- Female: wider, straighter, projects less into the pelvic outlet than the male sacrum
What is the basis of sex estimation methods?
What are the main areas used to estimate the sex of a skeleton?
- Cranium
- Mandible
- Pelvis
What is the difference between a male and female skull (cranium)?
- Male skull: more robust with more pronounced muscle markings
- Female skull: more gracile
What features are used to estimate sex in the cranium?
- Brow ridges/supraorbital ridge
- External occipital protuberance
- Mastoid process
- Foreheads
- Eye orbits
- Cheek bones
- Zygomatic bones
What is the difference between male and female brow ridges/supraorbital ridges?
- Male: larger, sometimes forming a bit of an overhang above the eyes
- Female: smaller, sometimes completely absent
Where is the external occipital protuberance located?
What is the difference between a male and female external occipital protuberance?
- Male: larger
- Female: smaller, sometimes it's not raised at all, but entirely flat
Where is the mastoid process located?
What is the difference between a male and female mastoid process?
- Male: broader and longer
- Female: narrower and shorter
How do osteoarchaeologists score traits?
- According to a five stage system
- Five: very male appearance
- Four: somewhat male appearance
- Three: neither male nor female appearance
- Two: somewhat female appearance
- One: female appearance
- 80% accuracy in sexing the cranium
What is the most accurate area for sex estimation?
What is the difference between a male and female mandible?
- Male: larger and more robust
- Female: smaller and less robust
What features are used to estimate sex in the mandible?
- Chin
- A bone that's located at the back of the jaw (the part that comes down from the joint made between the jaw and the cranium)
- Gonial angle
What is the difference between a male and female chin?
- Male: more squared off and thus flattened
- Female: more rounded
What is the difference between the male and female bone that's located at the back of the jaw? (the part that comes down from the joint made between the jaw and the cranium)
- Male: a more acurate or narrower angle
- Female: a more obtuse or wider angle
What is the difference between a male and female gonial angle?
- Male: gonial aversion (pulled outwards a little)
- Female: usually lack this characteristic
What features are used to estimate sex in the pelvis/os coxa?
- Sub pubic angle
- Pubic bone
- Pelvic blades
- Pelvic inlet
- Pelvic outlet
- Sciatic notch
- Auricular surface
- Sacrum
Why is there a difference in the shape of the pelvis between males and females?
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