Adult Age-at-Death Estimation
11 important questions on Adult Age-at-Death Estimation
Age category middle adult
Age category old adult
What are the three macroscopic methods used to estimate the adults age-of-death?
- Ectocranial suture obliteration
- Pubic symphysis morphology
- Auricular surface morphology
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
In order to estimate adult age-of-death, where is the ectocranial suture obliteration scored?
Explain ''Ectocranial suture obliteration''
- Use of the Cranium (specifically the cranial sutures)
- Suture lines are at first a bit open and distinct. As you get older the suture lines begin to close and the suture lines start to be obliterated or lost
- Method by Meindl and Lovejoy: a method that scores 10 seperate suture areas on a scale from 0 to 3 -> add up the score -> compare the score the tables provided by Meindl and Lovejoy
Explain ''Pubic symphysis morphology''
- Uses the shape or morphology of the pubic symphysis
- Plastic models
- The Suchey-Brooks System:
- Separate male and female standards
- 6 age categories for each
- 5 areas of the pubic symphyseal face observed
- Based upon the stage that you think best describes the appearance of the pubic symphysis that you are analyzing, you can then use a chart to get an age
What does the pubic symphysis of adolescents and early young adults look like?
- Undulated and rugged surface showing a series of ridges and grooves
- No rim around the outside of the surface
What does the pubic symphysis of a middle adult look like?
- The surface becomes flatter
- A rim develops
What does the pubic symphysis of an old adult look like?
- The surface is completely flat, even slightly indented, often with a porous or a pitted appearance
- Spicules of bones along the margins
Explain ''Auricular surface morphology''
- Uses the auricular surface
- Different areas and features of the auricular surface are being observed, which results in a score that provides the esimated age
- The firtst auricular surface method: Lovejoy
- Also the method of Buckberry and Chamberlain:
- 5 features in the auricular surface are scored
- One adds up the scores of each separate area to get a score, and uses a table to derive an age estimate
For the three adult age estimation methods, the sample size used to create the methods has been pointed out. Why is sample size important?
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
