Summary: Theater 2

Read the summary and the most important questions on theater 2

• practitioners, companies and theatres

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• Precursors of Naturalistic Staging

  • Actor Henry Irving put on a performance of Leopold Lewis’s The Bells in the Lyceum Theatre in London in 1871. (Irving’s gift for the macabre and the melodramatic, and the play was to remain a feature of Irving’s repertoire until his death)
  
  • Company of the Duke George II (theatre duke) of Saxe Meiningen – their work was distinguished by historical accuracy and detailed crowd scenes. They did a lot of research on historical accurate costumes and props. For instance, actors wore real armour when playing a medieval play.

• Adolphe Appia and Hellerau theatre

  • Appia created a theatre building in the garden-city of Hellerau outside Dresden.
  • Appia worked together with the Professor of music education and eurythmics Emile Jacques-Dalcroze
  • In the Hellerau theatre Appia realised his conception of space: bare transformable space, empty room for actor and spectator alike, bringing to the fore the beauty of the human body.

• Cabaret Voltaire (Zurich)

  - was the name of an artistic nightclub in Zürich, Switzerland. It was founded by Hugo Ball, with his companion Emmy Hennings, in the back room of Holländische Meierei, Spiegelgasse 1, on February 5, 1916, as a cabaret for artistic and political purposes. Other founding members were Marcel Janco, Richard Huelsenbeck, Tristan Tzara, and Sophie Taeuber-Arp and Jean Arp. Events at the cabaret proved pivotal in the founding of the anarchic art movement known as Dada. It closed in the summer of 1916.

• Grotowski and the Theatre of the 13 Rows, Opole, 1959 -

  the JK Opole Theatre created a new theatrical space called Modelatornia, intended for innovative and experimental artistic projects.
  In order to provide the creators with open access to this new space, the JK Opole Theatre established a Competition for a Theatrical Project, within the framework of the Modelatornia programme. The objective is to initiate and conduct – in the contemporary cultural, social, political and artistic context – explorations related creatively to the achievements of Grotowski.

• Grotowski and the Teart Laboratorium,1962

  - In 1965 Grotowski moved his company to Wrocław relabeling them a "Teart Laboratorium", in part to avoid the heavy censorship to which professional 'theatres' were subject in Poland at that time

• oppressed plays, writings manifesto's

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• Mumford, Meg. ‘Rimini Protokoll’s Reality Theatre and Intercultural Encounter: Towards an Ethical Art of Partial Proximity’.

  Falls under: theatre of experts - consisting of contemporary living people, authenticity, to destabilize, using non-actors (who are everyday expert performers.
  
  it gives room for 'the stranger' by arranging intercultural encounters the unfamilliar of our polycultural globalized world. 
  
  the focus lies on encountering difference
  with a interest in the non-fethishtic to ultimately accept the differences and trying to understand and respect eachother. Being open.

• key concepts

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• Determinism - Strindberg-Preface to Miss Julie 1888

  Biological determinism by Darwin, survival of the fittest. Fear of degeneration. Women are hysterical (?!) (psychoanalysis by freud) - Trauma at the root of sexual anomaly.
  
  
  Strindberg speaks of biological determinism: ‘’Since the persons in my play are modern characters, living in a transitional era more hectic and hysterical than the previous one at least, I have depicted them as more unstable, as torn and divided, a mixture of the old and the new.’’

• Verisimilitude(theatre histories glossary + p.202, 204, 216, 353, 610)Marinetti-The futurist synthetic theatre: futurism, anti-verisimilitude(naturalism), synthetic theatre, (anti verisimilitude)

  (truthlikeness) is a philosophical concept that distinguishes between the relative and apparent (or seemingly so) truth and falsity of assertions and hypotheses.
  
  
  The stagings of André Antoine in Paris and Otto Brahm in Berlin aimed at verisimilitude (= the quality of appearing true to life), whereas in the work of Konstantin Stanislavsky, to represent reality in a life-like manner is understood in terms
  
  
  
  marrinetti: its stupid to worry about verisimilitude (because talent and worth are quite distinct from that notion)
  
  slice of life:  term of Jean Jullien to describe the aim of naturalism. Photographic verisimilitude.

• Illusionism vs antiillusionism Brecht- A short organum for the theatre: Anti-Aristotle, anti-illusionism, epic theatre, empathy, v-effektBrecht- on Chinese acting;  anti-illusionism, epic vs dramatic theatre, empathy, 

  Anti-illusionism (ppt 1) by avant-garde; “Constructivist, non-representational set-designs which reject illusionism”. Illusionism;  means either the artistic tradition in which artists create a work of art that appears to share the physical space with the viewer or more broadly the attempt to represent physical appearances precisely (wiki)

• Slice of lifePlay: The Seagull, Chekhovslice of life play

  term of Jean Jullien to describe the aim of naturalism. Photographic verisimilitude. Slice of life refers to a performance that shows scenes (slices) of realistic events (life).