Lecture pharmacology
7 important questions on Lecture pharmacology
Difference between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
ADME is used for indication of the drug concentration time profile. What is this the mnemonic for? You use this to determine the effective concentration
2. Distribution throughout the body: blood, brain, tissue
3. Metabolism of the drug into metabolites (liver, gut, kidney)
4. Excretion of the drug and metabolites: bile, kidney, breath, skin.
Why would absorption fail?
B) they need to be very large and patients start vomiting
C) with some drugs the liver is very effective with breaking the drug down. An example would be nitoglycerin for angina pectoris; Bioavailability is then zero. D) Sometimes you only need a local effect.
E) sometimes you need an immediate effect -> intravenous. You can have high risk of infections
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What are factors that influence the absorption rate?
The molecular weight and the solubility of the molecule = large molecules have difficulty penetrating tissues while small molecules have little difficulty.
Vehicles where the drugs are dissolved. If the vehicle is dissolved in fatty tissue it will be unlikely to be found in watery tissues.
Local blood flow of the tissue. The Intramuscular tissue is faster than Subutaneous.
How does the chosen route influence absorption effect and the concentration -time profiles.
2. IM: high peek and slow drop.
3. Subcutaneous: takes some time, within efficicacy.
4. Oral; only temporarly effective.
5. Rectal: does not reach effective amounts.
How does liphophilic dissolve differently in various people?
How does the excretion change over time?
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