Lecture Immunology

6 important questions on Lecture Immunology

What kind of tolerance do you have and how does it work.

You have central tolerance (bone marrow and thymus) and the peripheral tolerance. In the central tolerance you have apoptosis, change in receptors of B cells and development of Treg Cells (for periphery). In the peripheral we have anergy, apoptosis or suprresion (with the Tregs).

What is needed for peripheral tolerance?

You need antigen specific binding and co-inhibition. This is mainly CD28  (co stimulation) that bind to B7, but in tolerance is has no or CTLA4 as co inhibitor.

Explain how CTLA4 helps with tolerance.

CTLA4 is always there, and it binds to B7 and therefore it competes with CD28.
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What kind of suppresion do you have with CTLA4.

You have intrinsic (same cell) and extrinsic (different cell) inhibition with CTLA4.

What are factors that lead to auto-immunity

Chronic inflammation; mimicry and lastly abnormal expresisons of self antigens

What are pro-inflammatory cytokines highly active in RA?

IL1, TNFalpha and IL6

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