Solids - Solid-liquid equilibrium in binary mixtures

4 important questions on Solids - Solid-liquid equilibrium in binary mixtures

When one of two species is rather dilute and behaves as a solute, what can be assumed of the system?

The ideal solution model can be used. When the solute is very dilute the solvent acts as a pure liquid.

How can an expression for enthalpy be derived when is not constant with changing T?


Assuming the heat capacities for both phases are constant:


Given:
How is an expression for x derived?


Substituting expression 3 in 2 and integrating:
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Why does freezing of a binary mixture happen at a range of Tm and not at one temperature as with a pure compound?


Considering a metastable supercooled system: .
By formation of ice the overall Gibbs free energy is lowered.
With the formation of ice the mole fraction of water is the solution is lowered. Which leads to a lower chemical potential of the liquid phase. Ice is formed until the chemical potential of the solution becomes the same as that of the ice.

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