Cleaning up data
5 important questions on Cleaning up data
What is something to watch out for when considering removal of apparent outliers?
- Extreme measurements can be outliers because they have been caused by factors that are not a part of the experiment or cognitive aspect that you want to measure
- someone's phone goes off causing a slow reaction time on a trial due to distraction.
- but also extreme measurements can be present because they're a part of the cognitive function that you want to measure
- someone's reaction time is structurally slower due to their age or because of an underlying attentional deficit caused by adhd for example
- in the first case you want to remove the measurement clearly but also in the second case?
What are ways to deal with outliers?
- Do nothing, accept them as a part of the measurement
- have a hard, pre-defined cut-off
- remove anything that deviates x standard deviations from the mean
- a good way to do this is to do this for each participant
- this way you only discard outlying measurements within one participant and don't discard extreme measurements in general because it might be the case that someone is structurally scoring very high
- take the mean of a participant and remove anything that deviates x standard deviations from the mean
How do you deal with subjects who are in general responding outside of the normal range?
- You generally do nothing
- only exclude when;
- they've experienced technical difficulties
- not finished the experiment
- didn't follow the instructions
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What is one situation where you can consider removing subjects who cause extreme outliers?
- When calculating correlations
- outliers can heavily influence your correlations
- when this is the case, don't remove the subject but calculate a correlation with and without including the subject in the sample
On which form of the data are statistical tests performed?
- The subject means are used, not each individual trial
- if you see extremely high degrees of freedom you know you've used the trials instead of subject averages.
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