Toxicokinetics - Absorption and Distribution + Toxicokinetics - Metabolism and Excretion (TOX 3)

9 important questions on Toxicokinetics - Absorption and Distribution + Toxicokinetics - Metabolism and Excretion (TOX 3)

What can happen to a compound after oral intake?

  • Enterohepatic circulation
  • Presystemic elimination
  • Portal vein

What is presystemic elimination?

Elimination before systemic distribution can take place.

What does the absorption of gasses in the lungs depend on?

Henry coefficient = p(air) / C(water)
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What is the formula for absorption?

Absorption = f * intake
With f is the absorption efficiency

What happens with lipophilic compounds, like PCB?

Lipophilic compounds accumulate in fat tissue. The excretion is slowly through blood and urine but quickly via breastfeeding.

Where do Pb2+, Sr2+, and F- accumulate?

In bones

Where does cadmium accumulate?

In liver and kidneys

What are the three phases of biotransformation?

  1. Hydrolysis/reduction/oxidation to create a reactive “handle” to the compound (-OH), (=O); (-COOH)
  2. Conjugation, coupling of a water soluble molecule to the handle of the compound
  3. Elimination/excretion: removal of the conjugated product from the body

What are enzyme properties needed for biotransformation?

  • Specificity
  • Saturation
  • Inhibition
  • Induction

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

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