Bacterial toxins (TOX 2)
13 important questions on Bacterial toxins (TOX 2)
What does the LPS consist of and what are the functions?
- Lipid A (toxicity)
- Sugars (water soluble)
- O-antigen (target for antibodies)
What are the classes of exotoxins?
- Cytotoxins (cytolytic exotoxins)
- A-B toxins
- Superantigen toxins
What are mechanisms that cytotoxins use?
- Phospholipases break down phospholipids
- Sterol break down
- Pore formation
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How are cytotoxins often measured?
What is the structure of an AB toxin?
What are examples of an AB toxin? Where are they found?
- The cholera toxin, which is found in contaminated water.
- Shiga toxin, which is found in contaminated food.
- Botulinum toxin, which is used as a cosmetic
What is the mechanism of a Shiga toxin?
What is the mechanism of botulinum toxin?
Why is botulinum toxin used as a cosmetic?
What is the mechanism of the tetanus toxin?
What is the mechanism of the diphtheria toxin?
What are virulence enzymes?
What are the symptoms of tetrodotoxin?
- Numbness in mouth (lip, tongue) • Feeling high
- Nausea, vomiting
- Paralysis while being conscious
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