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The evolving Community method

8 important questions on The evolving Community method

John Peterson (1995) divides EU decision-making into which two basic types?

Those of 'history-making' proportions, and those of daily law-making.

In daily decision-making, Helen Wallace (2010) identifies five policy-making patterns as a heuristic device to describe the diversity that characterizes the EU. Because policy-making in the EU does not take place in a vacuum, these five patterns reflect what?

Experimentation and evolution in the EU over time, different degrees of institutional involvement, different treaty bases, changes in national policy-making processes, and the type of decision-making outcome.

As shown in table 15.2, what are these five patterns?

1) The Community method;
2) The EU regulatory mode;
3) The EU distributional mode;
4) Intense transgovernmentalism;
5) And policy coordination.

Thus, in day-to-day decision-making, the standard operating pattern is now what?

A sharing of formal legislative power between the member states (via the EU Council) and the EP, played out against a backdrop of furious network-building. This process, known as the ordinary legislative procedure (OLP - formerly 'co-decision'), has had a fundamental impact on the life and relevance of the EP in particular by increasing its legislative role from marginal to co-legislator with the EU Council.

However, this emerging standardization of the legislative process is not the whole story, for it is complemented by the increasing use of what?

The so-called 'new' or 'soft' governance tools such as benchmarking or the OMC. These governance tools give essentially no role to either the CJEU or the EP, although they can involve a range of civil society actors, and produce EU decision of a rather different kind: not legislation, but recommendations, advice on best practice, and guidelines.

The original Community method was famously analysed by David Coombes (1970). He described a mode of integration that depended upon what?

A two-way separation of political powrs, with the Commission and EU Council enjoying a near monopoly on decision-making and agenda-setting (in other words, getting issues onto the legislative agenda). The EP had extremely few powers. Interest groups were encouraged to lobby, but had no formal powers beyond the rather weak European Economic and Social Committee (EESC).

What introduced qualified majority voting (QMV) to the EU?

The member states agreed to give up their veto powers in a specified range of issues, in recognition that the goal of market integration was worth some sacrifice of national sovereignty.

Which four types of EU legal act result from this legislative process?

1) Regulation;
2) Directives;
3) Decisions;
4) And recommendations and opinions.

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The evolving Community method

8 important questions on The evolving Community method

John Peterson (1995) divides EU decision-making into which two basic types?

In daily decision-making, Helen Wallace (2010) identifies five policy-making patterns as a heuristic device to describe the diversity that characterizes the EU. Because policy-making in the EU does not take place in a vacuum, these five patterns reflect what?

As shown in table 15.2, what are these five patterns?

Thus, in day-to-day decision-making, the standard operating pattern is now what?

However, this emerging standardization of the legislative process is not the whole story, for it is complemented by the increasing use of what?

The original Community method was famously analysed by David Coombes (1970). He described a mode of integration that depended upon what?

What introduced qualified majority voting (QMV) to the EU?

Which four types of EU legal act result from this legislative process?

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