Lecute 1B: The biological basis of heredity Introduction to Human Genetics

14 important questions on Lecute 1B: The biological basis of heredity Introduction to Human Genetics

What are the functions of DNA?

  1. Replication
  2. Synthesis proteins (20 amino acids)

What happens at alternative splicing?

mRNA is spliced to create different transcripts, which are translated into different proteins.

What is cutting events?

Pre-RNA, molecule is cut into pieces
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What are posttranslational modifications?

Changes that are not controlled by the genetic code affect the protein's function.

What is the driving force of life?

Survival of the genes

Why does the DNA have a helix structure?

Hydrogen bonding

How we measure DNA?

  • WGS
  • SNP
  • Structural variation
  • Insertion/deletion

How we measure RNA?

  • Single cell/tissue specific expression levels
  • RNA sequencing
  • RNA expression levels of knows transcripts

What are somatic cells?

Cells not involved in production of gametes. Somatic cells are diploid (2n chr, 46 chr, twice the amount of n). Thus double the genetic material of germ cells

What are germ cells?

Those are haploid (23 chromosomes). Half of the genetic material

What does a human cell consist of?5

1. Nucleus
2. Membrane
3. Cytoplasm
4. Mitochondrium
5. Chromosome

What are 4 differences between DNA and RNA?

1. Deoxyribose vs ribose
2. DNA has Thymine which makes double helix possible, RNA has Uracil, no double helix possible
3. DNA has double stranded where RNA has single stranded
4. RNA molecules are shorter than DNA molecules - rarely more than a few thousand nucleotides

What is non-coding RNA?

Number of different functions performed by the RNA molecule itself. > transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA

How goed mRNA to Protein (translation)?4

1. 3 nucleotides (codon) > make 1 amino acid
2. 4^3 combinations = 64 codons for only 20 amino acids
3. Stop codons: UAA, UAG and UGA
4. Start codon: AUG

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