And Pathways between genes and behaviour
27 important questions on And Pathways between genes and behaviour
What is the function of enhancers?
What are functional genomics?
What are CpG sites?
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What are behavioral genomics?
How DNA methylation differs?
- Environmental factors
- Stochastic factors (random)
- Genetics
Definition gene expression profiling
Definition expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs)
Definition methylation & expression QTSLs:
What are epigenetic marks?
What is a PREP gene?
How can the proteome be identified?
Three major functions of epigenetic mechanism
- Fold the entire human genome
- Regulate gene expression
- Transcribe DNA --> RNA
Function transcription factors
What is imprinting disorder?
Steps of epigenome-wide association studies
- Collect DNA samples in large groups or individuals
- Measure the trait in each person
- Measure DNA methylation
Can methylation in blood serve as a biomarker?
When are epigenetics marks removed?
What is the function of microRNA?
What is the goal of using RNA microarrays?
What is post translational modification?
What is the epigenetic landscape?
For what are epigenetics a possible explanation?3
2. The mode of action of environmental and genetic influences
3. Discordance of identical (monozygotic) twins for disease
What happens if a rat mother licks her pups a lot?
Why do pups of licking mothers have less anxiety?
- The glucocorticoid receptor vines to cortisol
- low nurtured rats; lower expression of glucocorticoid receptor > slower 'removal' of cortisol > stronger stress response > more anxiety and aggressive behavior
- changes in the glucocorticoid receptor gene were very stable, meaning that these differences are still found in adult rats
What is a candidate gene study?
What are the steps to identify novel epigenetic mechanisms?4
2. Measure the trait in each person (eg level of aggression)
3. Instead of focusing on candidate genes, measure DNA methylation at thousands of sites in the genome in each person (or another epigenetic mark such as histone modification)
4. Most large-scale human epigenetic studies focus on DNA methylation (relatively easy/cheap to measure, very stable epigenetic mark)
What is a discordant monozygotic twin design?
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