Population Growth and Urbanization - Ethnic Minorities

10 important questions on Population Growth and Urbanization - Ethnic Minorities

How many ethnic minorities does China count?

55, they account for 8% of the population (the remaining 92% consists of Han).

Name five ethnic minorities that live in China.

For example:
  • Zhuang
  • Manchu
  • Hui
  • Miao
  • Uyghur
  • Yi
  • Tujia
  • Mongolian
  • Tibetan
  • Kazak

Where do most ethnic minorities of China live?

In the less urbanized provinces. They usually live in autonomous areas which have been established for ethnic minorities; mostly in inland areas away from coastal plains. These autonomous areas cover about 64% of China's total territory.
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Why did several minority groups have high growth rates in the period between 1982 and 1990?

These minority groups received special treatment under the new family planning program. They could have more children than the rest of the populace.

How did some Han make sure that they could also enjoy some of the privileges of the ethnic minority groups?

Many individuals which had been classified as Hans, but who had a blood relationship with a minority, registered themselves as a minority (for example to have more children).

Describe the privileges which ethnic minorities enjoy.

The government has instituted programs to provide financial subsidies and invetment to autonomous regions. Ethnic minorities are also given more favorable consideration in education, housing, employment, cadre selection, social welfare and childbearing. For example:
 
  • During the one-child policy they could have more children
  • They can enter college and universities with lower test scores
  • They are given priority for promotions in government institution

Why is it difficult to help ethnic minorities rise economically?

They are usually not familiar with Mandarin, the language in which higher education is provided. They also often come from families too poor to send them to school, and if they do go to school, these are often crowded rural schools with low standards and high dropout rates. 

Describe the basic law for the autonomy of ethnic minorities.

This law pledges respect for the language, religion, and traditional customs of ethnic minorities and guarantees them equal rights.

Growth in urban populations in ethnic minority regions has three causes according to the book. Name them.

  1. In-migration from Han majority regions
  2. Natural increase of urban residents
  3. Rural-urban migration of local minorities

What has caused scholars to call for a review of the nationality theory and Soviety model in designing ethnic relationships, which China adopted from the USSR from the 1950ies?

Now that Chinese residents can travel abroad, Muslim residents  travel to Pakistan, Afghanistan and Saudi Arabia for piligrimage > Religious extremism and terrorism have been found in minority regions in China. 

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