Brain Injury

4 important questions on Brain Injury

Distinguish between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

Ischemic refers to no blood flow pat blockage resulting in tissue ischemia and hypoxia vs Hemorrhagic (common cause - ruptured aneurysm) is the bleeding of cerebral arteries into surrounding brain tissue which damages the surrounding tissues and reduces the blood flow beyond the point of blood loss thus leading to ischemia & hypoxia + blood damage to nervous tissues (OR known as cerebral infarction). user-selectTreatment Opts; Ishemic - anticoagulants, clot removal, rtPA (w/in 3hrs); Hemmorhagic - stop bleeding and further ICP (usually causes heart attack)

Distinguish blunt (closed) & penetrating traumatic injury (TBI)

In an open (penetrating) TBI the skull and meninges are broken, exposing the brain to the external environment whereas in closed (blunt) There is no break in skull and meninges (dura) and the brain is not exposed

Risk factors for stroke

- Those with hypertension/type 2 diabetes
-atrial fibrillation, other cardiac atrial disorders or valvular dysfunction
-Smoking
-poor diet & activity
-family history/genetics
- high cholesterol
-obesity
-ischemic heart disease
-obstructive sleep apnoea
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Describe the patho of stroke inc. S+S

user-selectS + S; Face - asymmetry/droopinguser-select
Arms - muscle weakness in 1/otheruser-select
Speech - slurred, slow, difficult user-select
Time - need quick response.

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