Musculoskeletal Injuries

5 important questions on Musculoskeletal Injuries

Outline complications related to fracture

Fat embolism, Infection, Malunion, Hypovolemic shock

Identify S + S of bone fracture

tenderness and/or pain, unnatural alignment/deformity, swelling, muscle spasm, impaired sensation, (D) mobility/limb function

Distinguish between different(6) types of fractures

Complete - bone is broken all the way through (bone separated into at least 2 pieces), Incomplete - opp(bone remains in 1 piece). Open(compound) - bone penetrates the skin (skin is also broken), Closed(simple) -  skin remains intact, bone doesn't penetrate. Comminuted - bone is broken into more than two piece, Displaced - broken bone ends are mis-aligned
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4 stages of fracture healing

1) Haenatoma formation - bleeding from broken ends of the bone accumulates at site and swelling occurs. 2) Soft callus formation; granulaiton tissue (fibrous CT & fibrocartilagenous tissue) fills the gaps & fragmented ends of bone together; new blood vessels also begin forming. 3) Bony callus formation: bone tissue replaces the granulation tissue (soft callus). 4) Remodeling: remodeling of the bone tissue occurs to bring bone shape back to original, or as close as possible

Distinguish sprains & straints -3 grades severity, and healing process

(PIC)

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