Summary: Understanding Psychopathology

Read the summary and the most important questions on Understanding Psychopathology

• 1 Theoretical perspectives

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• Explain critical features of "good" theories: What are the criteria?

  Criteria Good theorie
  External criteria
  - it must be consistent with known facts
  - it must be testable/falsifiable
  - it must be tested allready & showed predictive validity
  
  Internal criteria
  - internally consistent (no conflicting predictors)
  - as simple as possible
  - Oceans Razor: the fewer the number of assumptions, the better.

• why can theories be best seen as dispoables.

  Theorieen zijn niet voor altijd. Het wordt verworpen wanneer er een betere theorie ontstaat waarop dan weer voort wordt gebouwd.

• Explain why it is critical/important for therapists to know how and why their interventions work

  If you do not know how or why an intervention works you do not know the theory behind the technique, there is no solid basis for optimizing or modifying the intervention. Optimal interventions are techniques that are derived from good theories. If you do not have an optimal theory, therapy is hocus pokus. Theories should be the starting point for interventions.

• Describe and explain arguments against EMDR

  Even though EMDR is embraced by therapists, it is an technique in search for theory. A technique should be theory driven. EMDR is a technique that works but it is not known how it works. When we don’t know how and why a technique works there is no solid basis for optimizing or modifying the technique. For example, when EMDR does not work for a person, you do not know why this is the case and you have no theory to explain it.

• Describe Clark's model of panic disorder

  Clark’s model proposes that panic attacks are the result from the catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations. These sensations are mainly those in normal anxiety responses (palpitations, breathlessness, dizziness etc.). The catastrophic misinterpretation involves perceiving these sensations as much more dangerous than they really are.

• Explain how (and where) the various effective interventions for PD tap in to Clark’s model.

  Efficacy bag - perceived threat
  Clondidine - physsical sensations.. ontspant/ blokkeert locoes aurelius
  Selectivity?- de ene denkt: oh, sensaties.. De ander denkt PANIEK
  CO2- ...

• 2 Life span and psychopathology

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• noem 3 belangrijke theoretische ideeen/concepten en hun fundamentele betekenis voor PP (en een beetje over de vierde...)

  1. Process laws: change & context
  2. Ergodicity: group data & processes
  3. Small World: Comorbidity & symptoms
  4 Causality: development of disorders

• indicate and explain the implicit assumptions of psychopathology and some of the drawbacks of the DSM-IV

  Criteria are not dependent on age of a person. DSM is not fit for that.
  DSM is not looking at change or how criteria fit certain ages. DSM is certainly limited.
  DSM: No attention for the developmental aspects of a pathological state.
  *The diagnostic criteria are essentially independent of the age of a person.

• The application of the adult classification system for pathology (adultmorphism) ignores..

  -> the specific problems of children and the fact that their personal development can go in many directions;
  -> the interpersonal context and family setting, which can play a strong positive structuring as well as negative abusive role.

• wat bestudeert de developmental psychology?

  Øthe formation of a psychopathological condition,
  Øthe prevention of such a condition,
  Øand the ‘maintenance’ of a specific development.