Governance and power
12 important questions on Governance and power
What characterizes a city?
- Population density includes citizens that are not peasants
- concentration of agricultural surplus
- public buildings
- ruling class, that is different from the rest of the population
- skills: writing, use of wheel and plough
- other forms of science (astronomy, maths, etc)
- artistic expression
- long-distance trade
BUT, also contested
- too much focus on material
- too little on social relations
What were the models and opposition of East versus West and what was the result of this contesting?
- focus on globalization
- focus on non-Western research
- more comparative research
With as a result> two historical phases
1. Public buildings to serve power
2. Public buildings to serve the power AND the communitiy
How did the early city governance work?
cities have also:
- administrative and political institutions (palace, temple, castle)
- a power that is not communal (; a result of inequality between people (elite, king, governor)
- power of the leader and community of citizens
two forms of public buildings in cities:
- seats of power
- seats of communal life
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What are the seats of power?
- run by the central power
- not or hardly accessible to common people
> palace, temple, public granaries and storehouses, tribunals (courts), fortifications.
What are the spaces of city community ?
- organized by community members
- widely accessible
> seats of public officials, place of the assembly, marketplace, public performances, care of the body, care of the Mind, water and garbage.
How the cities in pre-modern times governt 1500-1800?
merchants became central to urban communities:
- the organisation of merchants guilds: regulation and protection trade
- prominent members of the urban elite
- member of the urban governance
throughout Europe and outside in Chinese and Ottoman Empires!
Level of autonomy different.
Were there also public sphere outside Western world?
How is imagined communities expressed in urban communities?
- Through buildings
- rituals and shared events
- Urban spaces
What are other types of distinction within cities?
- Ethnicity (colonial cities)
- religion (Ottoman Empire)
- Government and non-government (ottoman Empire)
- citizens with rights and inhabitants (Europe)
- respectable people and plebeians
- rich and poor
- deserving and undeserving
Civil Societies in Pre-modern Europe?
Was there in pre-modern time a civil society in China?
What is the impact of modern state formation in Europe?
- From urban citizenshiop to state citizenship
- states are increasingly taking over public administration and services
- urban autonomy diminished; tasks and responsibility (social care, poor relief, any kind of facilities used by civil societies now taken care of central governments and states that governt cities)
- the end of urban associations ( e.g. Craftguilds)
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