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1 Neuroanatomy
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1.3 Non-neural Cells of the CNS
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What two forms can microglia be found in?
- ramified forms: dormant state- amoeboid forms: activitated, mobile state when engaged in phagocytic activity -
What is a Microglia?
A special type of mononuclear phagocyte that resided in the CNS -
What are the functions of oligodendrocytes?
- Form myelin in the CNS. (In the peripheral nervous system myelin is made by Schwann cells).- oligodendrocytes present antigens that influence the outgrowth of axons in developing and recovering brain- Unfortunately oligodendrocytes are subject to immunological attack in certain diseases of the CNS (for example: multiple sclerosis) -
What is a Node of Ranvier?
The place where to oligodendrocytes come together and there is no myelin insulating the axon. This is the place where ion channels and ion pumps are situated. -
What is the main function of myelin?
Insulating axons. Therefore there is less leakage of the electrical signal -
Where are oligodendrocytes primarily found and why?
In grey matter, as they serve mainly to form myelin to insulate axons -
Name the three forms of cells in the CNS
- neurons- neuroglia cells (glia)- vascular endothelium -
Name the 6 basic functions of neuroglia cells
- support the metabolic and signaling functions of neurons- participates in neuron circuit formation and synaps plasticity- make myelin (axonal insulation)- contribute to formation of blood-brain barrier- participate in inflammatory response in injured neural tissue, including the phagocytosis of cellular debris- contribute to the formation of scat tissue in damaged neural tissue -
Name the three most important types of neuroglia
- Astrocytes- Oligodendrocytes- Microglia -
Where are Astrocytes primarily found and why?
Gray matte, because astrocytes are closely associated with cell bodies, dendrites and synapses
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