Lecture Laurens ten Kate

12 important questions on Lecture Laurens ten Kate

What is the need for an historical account of ethics?

Because Aristotelian virtue ethics (written 2400 years ago) still have an impact on our time - genealogy; approach to ethics to take in account the historical background.
Current philosophers still refer and engage in Aristotle's ethics in their theories.

Ethical life divides from the axial turn into a human self-emancipation. How?

From mythos to logos - reason and to ethos. To an interest in ethics and morality. In the time of the myth, ethical problems are not relevant, because the gods who are responsible for what overcomes me or what I do. I am dependent of the power of the god.
Life has to be invented again - how to live?

What is the historical background of Aristotle's Ethica Nicomachae?

The rise of the axial age of humanisation goes together and parallel with religious and spiritual worldview. An emerging of ethical awareness in order to answer the question what is good or bad?
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What is a form of idealism?

First you have to know what is the good;

Is a question of politics - human living together.

Why gives Aristotle gives the theme of friendship such an important place in his ethical theory?

Ultimately; Ethics is living together - in a politic way, which is imagined by friendship.

Where do Plato and Aristotle agree - converge with each other?

In striving for the good, resides the good.

Particularism of virtue ethics:

There are not truths, but perspectives.
There is no universalisable principle
There are many expressions of the good - since there are many virtues.
No building of solid moral foundations (poièsis) - but being in the moment - at that moment decide which praxis you want to work out.
Virtues emerges from the situation / relation at the moment - it appears in actu / praxis. Virtues are not to be possessed.

What is the main characteristic question regarding virtue ethics in comparance with deontology?

1. Are people virtuous because they perform right actions? OR
2. Are actions right because virtuous people perform them?
Virtues is something to be invented in praxis.
The virtue of a thing is relative to its proper work; the way in which we survive, belong and act in praxis as in a non-instrumentality way.

There are two categories of virtues:

1. Virtues of behaviour - vita complementiva is also a form of behavior;
2. Virtues of reason - idealizing -
Both are expressions of praxis and are closely related -

Virtues come, derive from the relation, from the situation;

The virtue of a thing is relative to its proper work - it appears in actu - praxis.
Virtues is a possibility of my behavior - I have to explore every time a new possibility of my virtue.
They always have a practical and intellectual side; the world of praxis - >
being is becoming = dynamis / potentialities.

Virtue ethics is a way of life = praxis

Not a set of norms and values or a system build on moral foundations. Eudaimonia is possible because human praxis is supported by human virtues.
Aretè: the overarching name for virtue: performing the good.
Every virtue is sought for in the mean - the in-between space; between two extremes - seen as vices.

NB: Feeling and reason - dichotomy?  A virtue or bad behavior...
No: the mean between two vices.

What is GENEALOGY in Virtue ethics?

Going back to the past in order to bring the past to the present in the axial age in which the insecurity of moral action emerges...
Going back by rephrasing Aristotle's key concepts in order to bring to life his work in our time.
What should Aristotle would have done in the case of....

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