Aquatic ecosystems - Feedbacks and biomanipulation

10 important questions on Aquatic ecosystems - Feedbacks and biomanipulation

What is a trophic cascade?

Indirect interactions that can control entire ecosystems, occurring when a trophic level in a food web is suppressed.

What is the opposite of bottom-up control?

Trophic cascade

What is top-down controll?

Stimulating a predator to limit a species.
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What is bottom-up control?

Limiting the food availability in lower trophic levels.

Why is the nutrient concentration lower between aquatic plants?

They take up nutrients, and the variation in oxygen rich and poor zones stimulates denitrification.

What are the 2 alternative equilibruim states?

1 with vegetation, and 1 without vegetation.`

What is the risk of removing fish?

Toxins is easy but mostly illegal.
Catching with nets is difficult and fish can migrate from other area's.

Why might the water not become clear after removing fish?

Waves resuspend soft sediment. Water fleas do not increase due to salt or predators. Water fleas do not eat cynobacteria.

Why does clear water not always result in vegetation growth?

Light availability is too low. Birds/fish graze too much. Toxic suphide. In soft organic sediments new plants will not develop easily.

Why is biomanipulation ineffective is nutrient income isn't reduced?

Because aquatic plants do not grow that well in high nutrient concentrations.

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